The Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Ethereum consensus protocol through 2021-10-19 allows an adversary to cause a denial of service (long-range consensus chain reorganizations), even when this adversary has little stake and cannot…
The Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Ethereum consensus protocol through 2021-10-19 allows an adversary to cause a denial of service (delayed consensus decisions), and also increase the profits of individual validators, via short-ra…
The Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Ethereum consensus protocol through 2021-10-19 allows an adversary to leverage network delay to cause a denial of service (indefinite stalling of consensus decisions).