Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the mail_to helper in Ruby on…
Priority LOW 25CWE-79Published · Updated
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- — Not recorded in CVSS 2.0
- Attack complexity
- Medium
- Impact type
- Cross-site scripting
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- None · Partial · None
- Fix status
- Fixed
Attack profile from CVSS 2.0 · NVD. Fix status from CNA and GitHub. Impact type from CWE-79.
Summary
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the mail_to helper in Ruby on Rails before 2.3.11, and 3.x before 3.0.4, when javascript encoding is used, allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted (1) name or (2) email value.
Why it matters now
EPSS 0.0235 83rd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed actionpack (RubyGems): 2.3.11, 3.0.4actionview (RubyGems): 2.3.11, 3.0.4
SSVC decision points
Not available: CISA has not published SSVC decision points for this record.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | all versions | — | No fix listed | CNA |
| — | actionpack (RubyGems) | before 2.3.11 | 2.3.11 | Patch available | GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j |
| — | actionpack (RubyGems) | 3.0.0 to before 3.0.4 | 3.0.4 | Patch available | GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j |
| — | actionview (RubyGems) | before 2.3.11 | 2.3.11 | Patch available | GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j |
| — | actionview (RubyGems) | 3.0.0 to before 3.0.4 | 3.0.4 | Patch available | GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j |
- — Vendor— Affected all versions Fixed in — No fix listed CNA
- actionpack (RubyGems) Vendor— Affected before 2.3.11 Fixed in 2.3.11 Patch available GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j
- actionpack (RubyGems) Vendor— Affected 3.0.0 to before 3.0.4 Fixed in 3.0.4 Patch available GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j
- actionview (RubyGems) Vendor— Affected before 2.3.11 Fixed in 2.3.11 Patch available GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j
- actionview (RubyGems) Vendor— Affected 3.0.0 to before 3.0.4 Fixed in 3.0.4 Patch available GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j
CPE configurations NVD · 30
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.0.0 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.0.0 rc1 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.0.0 rc2 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.0.1 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.0.2 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.0.4 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.1.0 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.1.1 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.1.2 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.2.0 | Vulnerable | Rails |
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.0.0 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.0.0 rc1 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.0.0 rc2 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.0.1 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.0.2 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.0.4 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.1.0 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.1.1 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.1.2 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.2.0 Vulnerable ·Rails
Show 20 more CPE
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.2.1 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.2.2 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.3.2 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.3.3 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.3.4 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.3.9 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 2.3.10 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.0 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.0 beta | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.0 beta2 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.0 beta3 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.0 beta4 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:rc:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.0 rc | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.0 rc2 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.1 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.1:pre:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.1 pre | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.2 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.2:pre:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.2 pre | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.3 | Vulnerable | Rails |
| cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.0.4 rc1 | Vulnerable | Rails |
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.2.1 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.2.2 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.2 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.3 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.4 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.9 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:2.3.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.10 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.0 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.0 beta Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.0 beta2 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.0 beta3 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.0 beta4 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:rc:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.0 rc Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.0 rc2 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.1 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.1:pre:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.1 pre Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.2 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.2:pre:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.2 pre Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.3 Vulnerable ·Rails
- cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.4 rc1 Vulnerable ·Rails
Remediation
- Fix · GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j actionpack (RubyGems) Fixed in 2.3.11 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j actionpack (RubyGems) Fixed in 3.0.4 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j actionview (RubyGems) Fixed in 2.3.11 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j actionview (RubyGems) Fixed in 3.0.4 Advisory →
Vendor assessments
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2011-0446
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j
References
Advisory 5
Other 12
- ADV-2011-0587
- ADV-2011-0877
- https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/abe97736b8316f1b714cac56c115c0779aa73217
- https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/e3dd2107c57a8efaaea5d61cf8da65f7444760b2
- https://github.com/rails/rails
- https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionpack/CVE-2011-0446.yml
- https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionview/CVE-2011-0446.yml
- https://groups.google.com/g/rubyonrails-security/c/8CpI7egxX4E/m/SmtqtyOKWzYJ
- https://web.archive.org/web/20111225083933/http://secunia.com/advisories/43274
- https://web.archive.org/web/20111225083933/http://secunia.com/advisories/43666
- https://web.archive.org/web/20120527023027/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/46291
- https://web.archive.org/web/20200812054342/http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1025064
More Rails vulnerabilities
- TI-2014-00124 Directory traversal vulnerability in actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb in the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2019-03828 Path traversal in Rails https://github.com/rails/rails KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2016-00672 Directory traversal vulnerability in Action View in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.1, 4.0.x… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2019-03830 Command injection in Rails https://github.com/rails/rails CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2020-06581 Code injection in https://github.com/rails/rails CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2013-00091 active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb in Ruby on Rails before 2.3.15, 3.0.x before… CVSS 2.0HIGH 7.5
Sources
- CVE-2011-0446 · CVE Program
- CVE-2011-0446 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-75w6-p6mg-vh8j · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2011-0446 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
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