Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Mahara before 1.4.1 allow remote…
Priority LOW 24CWE-79Published · Updated
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- — Not recorded in CVSS 2.0
- Attack complexity
- Medium
- Impact type
- Cross-site scripting
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- None · Partial · None
- Fix status
- No fix listed
Attack profile from CVSS 2.0 · NVD. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-79.
Summary
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Mahara before 1.4.1 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors related to (1) URI attributes and (2) the External Feed component, as demonstrated by the guid element in an RSS feed.
Why it matters now
EPSS 0.01801 78th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Public exploit Yes 1 exploit referenceTagged by NVD
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet
SSVC decision points
Not available: CISA has not published SSVC decision points for this record.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | all versions | — | No fix listed | CNA |
- — Vendor— Affected all versions Fixed in — No fix listed CNA
CPE configurations NVD · 72
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | up to 1.4.0 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:0.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 0.9.0 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 0.9.1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 0.9.2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.0 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.4 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.5 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions up to 1.4.0 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:0.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 0.9.0 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 0.9.1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 0.9.2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.0 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.4 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.5 Vulnerable ·Mahara
Show 62 more CPE
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.6 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.7 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.8 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.9 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.10 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.11 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.12 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.13 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.14 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.0.15 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:alpha1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 alpha1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:alpha2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 alpha2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:alpha3:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 alpha3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 beta1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 beta2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 beta3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 beta4 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 rc1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.0 rc2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.4 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.5 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.6 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.7 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.8 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.1.9 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.0 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:alpha1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.0 alpha1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:alpha2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.0 alpha2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:alpha3:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.0 alpha3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.0 beta1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.0 beta2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.0 beta3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.0 beta4 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.0 rc1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.4 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.5 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.2.6 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.0 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.0 beta1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.0 beta2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.0 beta3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.0 beta4 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.0 rc1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.4 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.5 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.6 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.3.7 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.4 rc1 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.4:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.4 rc2 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.4:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.4 rc3 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
| cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.4:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:* | 1.4 rc4 | Vulnerable | Mahara |
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.6 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.7 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.8 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.9 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.10 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.11 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.12 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.13 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.14 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.15 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:alpha1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 alpha1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:alpha2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 alpha2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:alpha3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 alpha3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 beta1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 beta2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 beta3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 beta4 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 rc1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.0 rc2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.4 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.5 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.6 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.7 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.8 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.1.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.1.9 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:alpha1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 alpha1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:alpha2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 alpha2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:alpha3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 alpha3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 beta1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 beta2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 beta3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 beta4 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 rc1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.4 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.5 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.6 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.0 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.0 beta1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.0 beta2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.0 beta3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.0 beta4 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.0 rc1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.4 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.5 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.6 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.3.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.7 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.4 rc1 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.4:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.4 rc2 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.4:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.4 rc3 Vulnerable ·Mahara
- cpe:2.3:a:mahara:mahara:1.4:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.4 rc4 Vulnerable ·Mahara
Remediation
No fixed version listed by the sources yet.
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2011-2771
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-rg33-jc9v-hm8q
References
More Mahara vulnerabilities
- TI-2024-32112 An issue was discovered in Mahara 23.04.8 and 24.04.4. CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2022-21886 Mahara 21.04 before 21.04.7, 21.10 before 21.10.5, 22.04 before 22.04.3, and 22.10 before… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2022-22209 Mahara 21.10 before 21.10.6, 22.04 before 22.04.4, and 22.10 before 22.10.1 deserializes… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2024-26290 Supported versions of Mahara 24.04 before 24.04.1 and 23.04 before 23.04.6 are vulnerable… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
- TI-2021-17772 In Mahara before 20.04.5, 20.10.3, 21.04.2, and 21.10.0, the account associated with a… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2017-14488 Mahara 15.04 before 15.04.8 and 15.10 before 15.10.4 and 16.04 before 16.04.2 are… CVSS 3.0CRITICAL 9.8
Sources
- CVE-2011-2771 · CVE Program
- CVE-2011-2771 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-rg33-jc9v-hm8q · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences