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TI-2011-02835 Aliases CVE-2011-3205GHSA-xv7f-73w8-27qj

Buffer overflow in the gopherToHTML function in gopher.cc in the Gopher reply parser in…

Priority MEDIUM 52Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
— Not recorded in CVSS 2.0
Attack complexity
Medium
Impact type
—
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
Partial · Partial · Partial
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 2.0 · NVD. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat.

Summary

Buffer overflow in the gopherToHTML function in gopher.cc in the Gopher reply parser in Squid 3.0 before 3.0.STABLE26, 3.1 before 3.1.15, and 3.2 before 3.2.0.11 allows remote Gopher servers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and daemon restart) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a long line in a response. NOTE: This issue exists because of a CVE-2005-0094 regression.

Why it matters now

EPSS 0.27454 98th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed Red Hat: 1 advisory

SSVC decision points

Not available: CISA has not published SSVC decision points for this record.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
——all versions—No fix listedCNA
  • — Vendor— Affected all versions Fixed in — No fix listed CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 71

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable1Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable2Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable3Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable4Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable5Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable6Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable7Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable8Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable9Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable10Vulnerablesquid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable1 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable2 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable3 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable4 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable5 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable6 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable7 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable8 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable9 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable10 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
Show 61 more CPE
CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable11Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable11:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable11 rc1Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable12Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable13Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable14Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable15Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable16Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable16 rc1Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable17Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable18Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable19Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable20Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable21:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable21Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable22:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable22Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable23Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable24:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable24Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable25:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.stable25Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.1Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.2Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.3Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.4Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.5Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.6Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.7Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.8Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.9Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.10Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.11Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.12Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.13Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.14Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.15Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.16Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.17Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0.18Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.1Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.2Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.3Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.4Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.5Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.5.1Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.6Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.7Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.8Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.9Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.10Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.11Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.12Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.13Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.14Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.1Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.2Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.3Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.4Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.5Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.6Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.7Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.8Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.9Vulnerablesquid-cache
cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0.10Vulnerablesquid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable11 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable11:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable11 rc1 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable12 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable13 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable14 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable15 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable16:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable16 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable16 rc1 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable17:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable17 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable18:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable18 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable19:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable19 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable20:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable20 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable21:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable21 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable22:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable22 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable23:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable23 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable24:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable24 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.0.stable25:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.stable25 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.1 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.2 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.3 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.4 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.5 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.6 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.7 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.8 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.9 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.10 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.11 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.12 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.13 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.14 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.15 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.16 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.17 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0.18 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.1 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.2 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.3 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.4 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.5 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.5.1 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.6 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.7 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.8 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.9 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.10 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.11 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.12 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.13 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.1.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.14 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.1 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.2 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.3 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.4 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.5 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.6 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.7 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.8 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.9 Vulnerable ·squid-cache
  • cpe:2.3:a:squid-cache:squid:3.2.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0.10 Vulnerable ·squid-cache

Remediation

Red Hat 1 advisory

  • RHSA-2011:1293 Released 2011-09-14 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    squid security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 6) squid-7:3.1.10-1.el6_1.1

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 6)Fixed RHSA-2011:1293
Not affected: 2 products
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2011-3205
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-xv7f-73w8-27qj

References

Patch 5

Advisory 8

Other 5

  • TI-2025-38486 Squid vulnerable to information disclosure via authentication credential leakage in error handling CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2024-16845 Denial of Service in HTTP Header parser in squid proxy CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2024-16566 SQUID-2024:1 Denial of Service in HTTP Chunked Decoding CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
  • TI-2023-26921 Denial of Service in HTTP Message Processing in Squid CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
  • TI-2023-27496 SQUID-2023:10 Denial of Service in HTTP Request parsing CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
  • TI-2023-25306 Squid: denial of service in http digest authentication CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
See all 110 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences