Buffer overflow in IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) 7.0 before 7.0.0.43, 8.0 before…
Priority LOW 18CWE-119Published · Updated
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- High
- Impact type
- Information disclosure
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- Low · None · None
- Fix status
- No fix listed
Attack profile from CVSS 3.0 · NVD. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-200.
Summary
Buffer overflow in IBM WebSphere Application Server (WAS) 7.0 before 7.0.0.43, 8.0 before 8.0.0.13, 8.5 before 8.5.5.10, 9.0 before 9.0.0.1, and Liberty before 16.0.0.3, when HttpSessionIdReuse is enabled, allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
Why it matters now
EPSS 0.0144 73rd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet
SSVC decision points
Not available: CISA has not published SSVC decision points for this record.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | all versions | — | No fix listed | CNA |
- — Vendor— Affected all versions Fixed in — No fix listed CNA
CPE configurations NVD · 67
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.0 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.1 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.2 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.3 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.4 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.5 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.6 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.7 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.8 | Vulnerable | IBM |
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.0 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.1 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.2 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.3 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.4 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.5 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.6 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.7 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.8 Vulnerable ·IBM
Show 57 more CPE
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.9 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.10 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.11 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.12 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.13 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.14 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.15 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.16 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.17 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.18 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.19 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.21:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.21 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.22:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.22 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.23 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.24 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.25 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.27:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.27 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.28 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.29:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.29 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.31:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.31 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.32:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.32 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.33:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.33 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.34:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.34 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.35:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.35 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.36:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.36 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.37:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.37 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.38:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.38 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.39:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.39 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.41:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 7.0.0.41 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.0 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.1 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.2 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.3 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.4 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.5 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.6 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.7 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.8 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.9 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.10 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.11 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.0.0.12 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.0.0 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.0.0:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.0.0 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.0.1:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.0.1 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.0.2:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.0.2 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.0:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.5.0 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.1:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.5.1 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.2:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.5.2 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.5.4 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.5.5 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.5.6 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.5.7 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.5.8 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 8.5.5.9 | Vulnerable | IBM |
| cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:9.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 9.0.0.0 | Vulnerable | IBM |
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.9 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.10 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.11 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.12 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.13 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.14 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.15 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.16 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.17 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.18 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.19 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.21:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.21 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.22:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.22 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.23 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.24 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.25 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.27:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.27 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.28 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.29:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.29 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.31:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.31 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.32:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.32 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.33:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.33 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.34:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.34 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.35:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.35 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.36:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.36 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.37:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.37 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.38:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.38 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.39:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.39 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:7.0.0.41:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0.41 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.0 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.1 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.2 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.3 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.4 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.5 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.6 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.7 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.8 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.9 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.10 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.11 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.0.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.0.0.12 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.0.0 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.0.0:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.0.0 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.0.1:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.0.1 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.0.2:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.0.2 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.0:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.5.0 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.1:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.5.1 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.2:-:liberty_profile:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.5.2 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.5.4 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.5.5 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.5.6 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.5.7 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.5.8 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.5.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 8.5.5.9 Vulnerable ·IBM
- cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:9.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 9.0.0.0 Vulnerable ·IBM
Remediation
No fixed version listed by the sources yet.
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2016-0385
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-5q4j-2mw9-cf2p
References
Advisory 1
More IBM Websphere Application Server vulnerabilities
- TI-2015-06198 Serialized-object interfaces in certain IBM analytics, business solutions, cognitive, IT… KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2010-00403 modules/arch/win32/mod_isapi.c in mod_isapi in the Apache HTTP Server 2.0.37 through… CVSS 2.0HIGH 10.0
- TI-2019-03185 Deserialization of untrusted data in IBM WebSphere Application Server CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2020-03809 Deserialization of untrusted data in IBM WebSphere Application Server CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2025-24648 IBM WebSphere Application Server code execution CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2020-03807 Deserialization of untrusted data in IBM WebSphere Application Server CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
Sources
- CVE-2016-0385 · CVE Program
- CVE-2016-0385 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-5q4j-2mw9-cf2p · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences