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TI-2016-04340 Aliases CVE-2016-5021GHSA-c2f8-448q-3jp2

The iControl REST service in F5 BIG-IP LTM, AAM, AFM, Analytics, APM, ASM, Link…

Priority LOW 25CWE-200Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
High
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Information disclosure
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · None · None
Fix status
No fix listed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.0 · NVD. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-200.

Summary

The iControl REST service in F5 BIG-IP LTM, AAM, AFM, Analytics, APM, ASM, Link Controller, and PEM 11.5.x before 11.5.4, 11.6.x before 11.6.1, and 12.x before 12.0.0 HF3; BIG-IP DNS 12.x before 12.0.0 HF3; BIG-IP GTM 11.5.x before 11.5.4 and 11.6.x before 11.6.1; BIG-IQ Cloud and Security 4.0.0 through 4.5.0; BIG-IQ Device 4.2.0 through 4.5.0; BIG-IQ ADC 4.5.0; BIG-IQ Centralized Management 4.6.0; and BIG-IQ Cloud and Orchestration 1.0.0 allows remote authenticated administrators to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.

Why it matters now

EPSS 0.01237 69th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet

SSVC decision points

Not available: CISA has not published SSVC decision points for this record.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
——all versions—No fix listedCNA
  • — Vendor— Affected all versions Fixed in — No fix listed CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 73

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_application_delivery_controller:4.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud_and_orchestration:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*1.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.1VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.2VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.3VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*12.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.1VulnerableF5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_application_delivery_controller:4.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud_and_orchestration:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.1 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.2 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.3 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 12.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.1 Vulnerable ·F5
Show 63 more CPE
CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.2VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.3VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*12.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.1VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.2VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.3VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*12.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.1VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.2VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.3VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.1.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.2.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.3.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.4.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.1.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.2.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.3.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.4.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.1VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.2VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.3VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*12.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_centralized_management:4.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_domain_name_system:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*12.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.1VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.2VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.3VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*12.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.1VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.2VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.3VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*12.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.1VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.2VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.3VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*12.0.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_device:4.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.2.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_device:4.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.3.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_device:4.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.4.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_device:4.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.1VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.2VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.5.3VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.6.0VulnerableF5
cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*12.0.0VulnerableF5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.2 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.3 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 12.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.1 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.2 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.3 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 12.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.1 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.2 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.3 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.1.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.2.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.3.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.4.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_security:4.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.1.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.2.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.3.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.4.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_cloud:4.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.1 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.2 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.3 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 12.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_centralized_management:4.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_domain_name_system:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 12.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.1 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.2 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.3 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 12.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.1 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.2 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.3 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 12.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.1 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.2 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.3 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 12.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_device:4.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.2.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_device:4.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.3.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_device:4.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.4.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-iq_device:4.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.1 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.2 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.5.3 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:11.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.6.0 Vulnerable ·F5
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 12.0.0 Vulnerable ·F5

Remediation

No fixed version listed by the sources yet.

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2016-5021
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-c2f8-448q-3jp2

References

Advisory 1

  • TI-2023-25230 BIG-IP Configuration utility unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2022-01269 Missing authentication in F5 BIG-IP KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2021-05850 Memory corruption in BIG-IP KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2021-05845 Server-side request forgery in BIG-IP; BIG-IQ KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2020-04820 Path traversal in BIG-IP KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2014-05975 GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-025 processes trailing strings after certain malformed… KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
See all 629 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences