The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure…
Priority CRITICAL 97Exploited in the wildCWE-416Published · Updated
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Impact type
- Code execution
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · High
- Fix status
- No fix listed
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CISA ADP. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-416 and the CVSS impact.
Summary
The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.
Why it matters now
Exploitation Active In CISA KEV since 2021-11-03CISA due date 2021-11-17
EPSS 0.12084 96th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Public exploit Yes 1 exploit referenceTagged by NVD
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- Active
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | all versions | — | No fix listed | CNA |
- — Vendor— Affected all versions Fixed in — No fix listed CNA
CPE configurations NVD · 3
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:arm:bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | r0p0 to before r29p0 | Vulnerable | Arm |
| cpe:2.3:a:arm:midgard_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | r4p0 to before r31p0 | Vulnerable | Arm |
| cpe:2.3:a:arm:valhall_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | r19p0 to before r29p0 | Vulnerable | Arm |
- cpe:2.3:a:arm:bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions r0p0 to before r29p0 Vulnerable ·Arm
- cpe:2.3:a:arm:midgard_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions r4p0 to before r31p0 Vulnerable ·Arm
- cpe:2.3:a:arm:valhall_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions r19p0 to before r29p0 Vulnerable ·Arm
Remediation
No fixed version listed by the sources yet.
Timeline
- 2021-11-03 Added to CISA KEV
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2021-28663
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-2rc2-892p-6hc2
References
More Arm Bifrost Gpu Kernel Driver vulnerabilities
- TI-2022-17875 The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows unprivileged users to access freed memory because… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2021-10068 . KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2021-09732 The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or a denial of service (memory… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2024-04292 Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 7.8
- TI-2022-06958 Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows a non-privileged user to achieve write access to… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 7.8
- TI-2023-03898 Mali GPU Kernel Driver Allows Improper GPU Memory Processing Operations KEVCVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.5
Sources
- CVE-2021-28663 · CVE Program
- CVE-2021-28663 · NVD
- CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-2rc2-892p-6hc2 · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
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