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TI-2022-25471 Aliases CVE-2022-49977GHSA-gqp2-93hc-49w7

ftrace: Fix NULL pointer dereference in is_ftrace_trampoline when ftrace is dead

Priority LOW 34CWE-476Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Local
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Denial of service
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 25 fixed, 2 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-476.

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ftrace: Fix NULL pointer dereference in is_ftrace_trampoline when ftrace is dead ftrace_startup does not remove ops from ftrace_ops_list when ftrace_startup_enable fails: register_ftrace_function ftrace_startup __register_ftrace_function ... add_ftrace_ops(&ftrace_ops_list, ops) ... ... ftrace_startup_enable // if ftrace failed to modify, ftrace_disabled is set to 1 ... return 0 // ops is in the ftrace_ops_list. When ftrace_disabled = 1, unregister_ftrace_function simply returns without doing anything: unregister_ftrace_function ftrace_shutdown if (unlikely(ftrace_disabled)) return -ENODEV; // return here, __unregister_ftrace_function is not executed, // as a result, ops is still in the ftrace_ops_list __unregister_ftrace_function ... If ops is dynamically allocated, it will be free later, in this case, is_ftrace_trampoline accesses NULL pointer: is_ftrace_trampoline ftrace_ops_trampoline do_for_each_ftrace_op(op, ftrace_ops_list) // OOPS! op may be NULL! Syzkaller reports as follows: [ 1203.506103] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 000000000000010b [ 1203.508039] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode [ 1203.508798] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page [ 1203.509558] PGD 800000011660b067 P4D 800000011660b067 PUD 130fb8067 PMD 0 [ 1203.510560] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI [ 1203.511189] CPU: 6 PID: 29532 Comm: syz-executor.2 Tainted: G B W 5.10.0 #8 [ 1203.512324] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [ 1203.513895] RIP: 0010:is_ftrace_trampoline+0x26/0xb0 [ 1203.514644] Code: ff eb d3 90 41 55 41 54 49 89 fc 55 53 e8 f2 00 fd ff 48 8b 1d 3b 35 5d 03 e8 e6 00 fd ff 48 8d bb 90 00 00 00 e8 2a 81 26 00 <48> 8b ab 90 00 00 00 48 85 ed 74 1d e8 c9 00 fd ff 48 8d bb 98 00 [ 1203.518838] RSP: 0018:ffffc900012cf960 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 1203.520092] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 000000000000007b RCX: ffffffff8a331866 [ 1203.521469] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000008 RDI: 000000000000010b [ 1203.522583] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff8df18b07 [ 1203.523550] R10: fffffbfff1be3160 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000478399 [ 1203.524596] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff888145088000 R15: 0000000000000008 [ 1203.525634] FS: 00007f429f5f4700(0000) GS:ffff8881daf00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 1203.526801] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 1203.527626] CR2: 000000000000010b CR3: 0000000170e1e001 CR4: 00000000003706e0 [ 1203.528611] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 1203.529605] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Therefore, when ftrace_startup_enable fails, we need to rollback registration process and remove ops from ftrace_ops_list.

Why it matters now

EPSS 0.00265 18th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Linux (Linux): 3.3, 3.5, 3.11 +9Red Hat: 11 advisoriesRed Hat: 25 fixed, 2 without a fix

SSVC decision points

Not available: CISA has not published SSVC decision points for this record.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
LinuxLinux3.2.54 to before 3.3; 3.4.72 to before 3.5; 3.10.22 to before 3.11; 3.12.3 to before 3.133.3, 3.5, 3.11, 3.13Patch availableCNA
LinuxLinux3.13 and later4.9.327, 4.14.292, 4.19.257, 5.4.212, 5.10.141, 5.15.65, 5.19.7, 6.0Patch availableCNA
  • Linux VendorLinux Affected 3.2.54 to before 3.3; 3.4.72 to before 3.5; 3.10.22 to before 3.11; 3.12.3 to before 3.13 Fixed in 3.3, 3.5, 3.11, 3.13 Patch available CNA
  • Linux VendorLinux Affected 3.13 and later Fixed in 4.9.327, 4.14.292, 4.19.257, 5.4.212, 5.10.141, 5.15.65, 5.19.7, 6.0 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 2

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 4.9.327; 4.10 to before 4.14.292; 4.15 to before 4.19.257; 4.20 to before 5.4.212; 5.5 to before 5.10.141; 5.11 to before 5.15.65; 5.16 to before 5.19.7VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*6.0 rc1VulnerableLinux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 4.9.327; 4.10 to before 4.14.292; 4.15 to before 4.19.257; 4.20 to before 5.4.212; 5.5 to before 5.10.141; 5.11 to before 5.15.65; 5.16 to before 5.19.7 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.0 rc1 Vulnerable ·Linux

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 3.3, 3.5, 3.11, 3.13
  • Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 4.9.327, 4.14.292, 4.19.257, 5.4.212, 5.10.141, 5.15.65, 5.19.7, 6.0

Red Hat 11 advisories

  • RHSA-2025:15035 Released 2025-09-02 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4 +14
  • RHSA-2025:14749 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0 +7
  • RHSA-2025:14744 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0, kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0, kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0 +5
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) bpftool-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0, kernel-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0, kernel-abi-stablelists-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0 +14
Show 8 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2025:14742 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) bpftool-4.18.0-193.165.1.el8_2, kernel-4.18.0-193.165.1.el8_2, kernel-abi-whitelists-4.18.0-193.165.1.el8_2 +14
  • RHSA-2025:14692 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6 +14
  • RHSA-2025:14696 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2 +10
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool-7.0.0-284.134.1.el9_2, kernel-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2 +29
  • RHSA-2025:14691 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2 +11
  • RHSA-2025:14511 Released 2025-08-25 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8 +14
  • RHSA-2025:11850 Released 2025-07-28 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bpftool-4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10, kernel-4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10
  • RHSA-2025:11851 Released 2025-07-28 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 +7
  • RHSA-2024:2394 Released 2024-04-30 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) bpftool-7.3.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +29
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 9) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, libperf-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +9

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6AffectedNo fix planned: Out of support scope
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:14744
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:14696
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2025:11850
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:14742
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:15035
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2025:14692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2025:14692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2025:14511
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:14744
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:14696
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:15035
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2025:14692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2025:14511
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2025:11850
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2025:11851
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:14749
Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2025:11851
Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:14749
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:14691
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:14691
Not affected: 2 products
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2022-49977
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-gqp2-93hc-49w7

References

  • TI-2025-26358 tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-38352 netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2013-05264 The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2022-00125 Integer overflow in kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2013-01864 The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2021-05514 Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.3
See all 15278 →

Sources