ftrace: Fix NULL pointer dereference in is_ftrace_trampoline when ftrace is dead
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Local
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Impact type
- Denial of service
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · High
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 25 fixed, 2 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-476.
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ftrace: Fix NULL pointer dereference in is_ftrace_trampoline when ftrace is dead ftrace_startup does not remove ops from ftrace_ops_list when ftrace_startup_enable fails: register_ftrace_function ftrace_startup __register_ftrace_function ... add_ftrace_ops(&ftrace_ops_list, ops) ... ... ftrace_startup_enable // if ftrace failed to modify, ftrace_disabled is set to 1 ... return 0 // ops is in the ftrace_ops_list. When ftrace_disabled = 1, unregister_ftrace_function simply returns without doing anything: unregister_ftrace_function ftrace_shutdown if (unlikely(ftrace_disabled)) return -ENODEV; // return here, __unregister_ftrace_function is not executed, // as a result, ops is still in the ftrace_ops_list __unregister_ftrace_function ... If ops is dynamically allocated, it will be free later, in this case, is_ftrace_trampoline accesses NULL pointer: is_ftrace_trampoline ftrace_ops_trampoline do_for_each_ftrace_op(op, ftrace_ops_list) // OOPS! op may be NULL! Syzkaller reports as follows: [ 1203.506103] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 000000000000010b [ 1203.508039] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode [ 1203.508798] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page [ 1203.509558] PGD 800000011660b067 P4D 800000011660b067 PUD 130fb8067 PMD 0 [ 1203.510560] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI [ 1203.511189] CPU: 6 PID: 29532 Comm: syz-executor.2 Tainted: G B W 5.10.0 #8 [ 1203.512324] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [ 1203.513895] RIP: 0010:is_ftrace_trampoline+0x26/0xb0 [ 1203.514644] Code: ff eb d3 90 41 55 41 54 49 89 fc 55 53 e8 f2 00 fd ff 48 8b 1d 3b 35 5d 03 e8 e6 00 fd ff 48 8d bb 90 00 00 00 e8 2a 81 26 00 <48> 8b ab 90 00 00 00 48 85 ed 74 1d e8 c9 00 fd ff 48 8d bb 98 00 [ 1203.518838] RSP: 0018:ffffc900012cf960 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 1203.520092] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 000000000000007b RCX: ffffffff8a331866 [ 1203.521469] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000008 RDI: 000000000000010b [ 1203.522583] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff8df18b07 [ 1203.523550] R10: fffffbfff1be3160 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000478399 [ 1203.524596] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff888145088000 R15: 0000000000000008 [ 1203.525634] FS: 00007f429f5f4700(0000) GS:ffff8881daf00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 1203.526801] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 1203.527626] CR2: 000000000000010b CR3: 0000000170e1e001 CR4: 00000000003706e0 [ 1203.528611] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 1203.529605] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Therefore, when ftrace_startup_enable fails, we need to rollback registration process and remove ops from ftrace_ops_list.
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
Not available: CISA has not published SSVC decision points for this record.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | 3.2.54 to before 3.3; 3.4.72 to before 3.5; 3.10.22 to before 3.11; 3.12.3 to before 3.13 | 3.3, 3.5, 3.11, 3.13 | Patch available | CNA |
| Linux | Linux | 3.13 and later | 4.9.327, 4.14.292, 4.19.257, 5.4.212, 5.10.141, 5.15.65, 5.19.7, 6.0 | Patch available | CNA |
- Linux VendorLinux Affected 3.2.54 to before 3.3; 3.4.72 to before 3.5; 3.10.22 to before 3.11; 3.12.3 to before 3.13 Fixed in 3.3, 3.5, 3.11, 3.13 Patch available CNA
- Linux VendorLinux Affected 3.13 and later Fixed in 4.9.327, 4.14.292, 4.19.257, 5.4.212, 5.10.141, 5.15.65, 5.19.7, 6.0 Patch available CNA
CPE configurations NVD · 2
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | before 4.9.327; 4.10 to before 4.14.292; 4.15 to before 4.19.257; 4.20 to before 5.4.212; 5.5 to before 5.10.141; 5.11 to before 5.15.65; 5.16 to before 5.19.7 | Vulnerable | Linux |
| cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 6.0 rc1 | Vulnerable | Linux |
- cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 4.9.327; 4.10 to before 4.14.292; 4.15 to before 4.19.257; 4.20 to before 5.4.212; 5.5 to before 5.10.141; 5.11 to before 5.15.65; 5.16 to before 5.19.7 Vulnerable ·Linux
- cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.0 rc1 Vulnerable ·Linux
Remediation
- Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 3.3, 3.5, 3.11, 3.13
- Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 4.9.327, 4.14.292, 4.19.257, 5.4.212, 5.10.141, 5.15.65, 5.19.7, 6.0
Red Hat 11 advisories
- RHSA-2025:15035 Released 2025-09-02 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4 +14
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.170.1.el8_4 +14
- RHSA-2025:14749 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel-rt security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0 +9
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.144.1.rt21.216.el9_0 +7
- RHSA-2025:14744 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0, kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0, kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0 +5
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) bpftool-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0, kernel-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0, kernel-abi-stablelists-5.14.0-70.144.1.el9_0 +14
Show 8 more Red Hat advisories
- RHSA-2025:14742 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) bpftool-4.18.0-193.165.1.el8_2, kernel-4.18.0-193.165.1.el8_2, kernel-abi-whitelists-4.18.0-193.165.1.el8_2 +14
- RHSA-2025:14692 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6 +14
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6 +19
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.158.1.el8_6 +14
- RHSA-2025:14696 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2 +10
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool-7.0.0-284.134.1.el9_2, kernel-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-5.14.0-284.134.1.el9_2 +29
- RHSA-2025:14691 Released 2025-08-27 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel-rt security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2 +9
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.134.1.rt14.419.el9_2 +11
- RHSA-2025:14511 Released 2025-08-25 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8 +14
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.107.1.el8_8 +14
- RHSA-2025:11850 Released 2025-07-28 · Red Hat rating Moderatekernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bpftool-4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10, kernel-4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 +19
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10
- RHSA-2025:11851 Released 2025-07-28 · Red Hat rating Moderatekernel-rt security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 +9
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 +7
- RHSA-2024:2394 Released 2024-04-30 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +11
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) bpftool-7.3.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +29
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 9) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, libperf-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +11
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +9
Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | Affected | No fix planned: Out of support scope |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2024:2394 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14744 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14696 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:11850 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2024:2394 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14742 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:15035 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14692 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14692 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14511 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14744 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14696 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:15035 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14692 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14511 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:11850 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2024:2394 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:11851 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2024:2394 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14749 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:11851 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2024:2394 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14749 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14691 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:14691 |
Not affected: 2 products
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2022-49977
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-gqp2-93hc-49w7
References
Patch 8
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8569b4ada1e0b9bfaa125bd0c0967918b6560fa2
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c34a2a6c9927c239dd2e295a03d49b37b618d2c
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ddffe882d74ef43a3494f0ab0c24baf076c45f96
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/934e49f7d696afdae9f979abe3f308408184e17b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbd8c8fc60480e3faa3ae7e27ebe03371ecd1b77
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4ae97295984ff1b9b340ed18ae1b066f36b7835
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d81bd6671f45fde4c3ac7fd7733c6e3082ae9d8e
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c3b0f72e805f0801f05fa2aa52011c4bfc694c44
More Linux Kernel vulnerabilities
- TI-2025-26358 tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2026-38352 netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2013-05264 The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2022-00125 Integer overflow in kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
- TI-2013-01864 The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
- TI-2021-05514 Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.3
Sources
- CVE-2022-49977 · CVE Program
- CVE-2022-49977 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-gqp2-93hc-49w7 · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2022-49977 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences