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TI-2023-21925 Aliases CVE-2023-41325

OP-TEE double free in shdr_verify_signature

Priority HIGH 68CWE-415Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Local
Privileges required
High
User interaction
Required
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · None
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-415 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

OP-TEE is a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) designed as companion to a non-secure Linux kernel running on Arm; Cortex-A cores using the TrustZone technology. Starting in version 3.20 and prior to version 3.22, `shdr_verify_signature` can make a double free. `shdr_verify_signature` used to verify a TA binary before it is loaded. To verify a signature of it, allocate a memory for RSA key. RSA key allocate function (`sw_crypto_acipher_alloc_rsa_public_key`) will try to allocate a memory (which is optee’s heap memory). RSA key is consist of exponent and modulus (represent as variable `e`, `n`) and it allocation is not atomic way, so it may succeed in `e` but fail in `n`. In this case sw_crypto_acipher_alloc_rsa_public_key` will free on `e` and return as it is failed but variable ‘e’ is remained as already freed memory address . `shdr_verify_signature` will free again that memory (which is `e`) even it is freed when it failed allocate RSA key. A patch is available in version 3.22. No known workarounds are available.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00386 32nd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Public exploit Yes 1 exploit referenceTagged by NVD
Fix Fixed optee_os (OP-TEE): 3.22

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
Poc
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
OP-TEEoptee_os3.20 to before 3.223.22Patch availableCNA
  • optee_os VendorOP-TEE Affected 3.20 to before 3.22 Fixed in 3.22 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 2

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:o:trustedfirmware:op-tee:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.20.0 to before 3.22.0VulnerableOP-TEE
cpe:2.3:o:trustedfirmware:op-tee:3.22.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*3.22.0 rc1VulnerableOP-TEE
  • cpe:2.3:o:trustedfirmware:op-tee:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.20.0 to before 3.22.0 Vulnerable ·OP-TEE
  • cpe:2.3:o:trustedfirmware:op-tee:3.22.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.22.0 rc1 Vulnerable ·OP-TEE

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA optee_os (OP-TEE) Fixed in 3.22

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2023-41325

References

  • TI-2022-22796 OP-TEE Trusted OS vulnerable to Improper Validation of Array Index in the cleanup_shm_refs function CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2026-29072 OP-TEE has a Use-After-Free race in FF-A shared-memory teardown CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.8
  • TI-2026-33359 OP-TEE vulnerable to ECDH private key recovery CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 4.7
  • TI-2019-16063 Integer overflow in OP-TEE CVSS 3.0CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2019-16062 Integer overflow in OP-TEE CVSS 3.0CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2019-16061 Integer overflow in OP-TEE CVSS 3.0CRITICAL 9.8
See all 28 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences