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TI-2023-24465 Aliases CVE-2023-45664

Double-free in stbi__load_gif_main_outofmem in stb_image

Priority HIGH 77CWE-415Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
No fix listed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · NVD. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-415 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

stb_image is a single file MIT licensed library for processing images. A crafted image file can trigger `stbi__load_gif_main_outofmem` attempt to double-free the out variable. This happens in `stbi__load_gif_main` because when the `layers * stride` value is zero the behavior is implementation defined, but common that realloc frees the old memory and returns null pointer. Since it attempts to double-free the memory a few lines below the first “free”, the issue can be potentially exploited only in a multi-threaded environment. In the worst case this may lead to code execution.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00933 60th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
Poc
Automatable
Yes
Technical impact
Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
nothingsstbup to 2.28—No fix listedCNA
  • stb Vendornothings Affected up to 2.28 Fixed in — No fix listed CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:nothings:stb_image.h:2.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:*2.28Vulnerablenothings
  • cpe:2.3:a:nothings:stb_image.h:2.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.28 Vulnerable ·nothings

Remediation

No fixed version listed by the sources yet.

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat's page for this CVE →

Not affected: 1 product
  • Red Hat

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2023-45664

References

Advisory 2

Other 3

  • TI-2023-24466 Possible double-free or memory leak in stbi__load_gif_main in stb_image CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2023-24463 Multi-byte read heap buffer overflow in stbi__vertical_flip in stb_image CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.1
  • TI-2023-24467 Null pointer dereference because of an uninitialized variable in stb_image CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2023-24462 Wild address read in stbi__gif_load_next in stb_image CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.1
  • TI-2023-23171 Double Free vulnerability in Nothings Stb Image.h v.2.28 allows a remote attacker to… CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 6.5
  • TI-2023-24464 Disclosure of uninitialized memory in stbi__tga_load in stb_image CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.5
See all 18 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences