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TI-2023-28949 Aliases CVE-2023-52610GHSA-rg96-q483-7789

net/sched: act_ct: fix skb leak and crash on ooo frags

Priority LOW 34CWE-401Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Denial of service
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
None · None · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 22 fixed, 1 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-401.

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: act_ct: fix skb leak and crash on ooo frags act_ct adds skb->users before defragmentation. If frags arrive in order, the last frag's reference is reset in: inet_frag_reasm_prepare skb_morph which is not straightforward. However when frags arrive out of order, nobody unref the last frag, and all frags are leaked. The situation is even worse, as initiating packet capture can lead to a crash[0] when skb has been cloned and shared at the same time. Fix the issue by removing skb_get() before defragmentation. act_ct returns TC_ACT_CONSUMED when defrag failed or in progress. [0]: [ 843.804823] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 843.809659] kernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:2091! [ 843.814516] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP [ 843.819296] CPU: 7 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G S 6.7.0-rc3 #2 [ 843.824107] Hardware name: XFUSION 1288H V6/BC13MBSBD, BIOS 1.29 11/25/2022 [ 843.828953] RIP: 0010:pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.833805] Code: 8b 70 28 48 85 f6 74 82 48 83 c6 08 bf 01 00 00 00 e8 38 bd ff ff 8b 83 c0 00 00 00 48 03 83 c8 00 00 00 e9 62 ff ff ff 0f 0b <0f> 0b e8 8d d0 ff ff e9 b3 fd ff ff 81 7c 24 14 40 01 00 00 4c 89 [ 843.843698] RSP: 0018:ffffc9000cce07c0 EFLAGS: 00010202 [ 843.848524] RAX: 0000000000000002 RBX: ffff88811a211d00 RCX: 0000000000000820 [ 843.853299] RDX: 0000000000000640 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff88811a211d00 [ 843.857974] RBP: ffff888127d39518 R08: 00000000bee97314 R09: 0000000000000000 [ 843.862584] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffff8881109f0000 R12: 0000000000000880 [ 843.867147] R13: ffff888127d39580 R14: 0000000000000640 R15: ffff888170f7b900 [ 843.871680] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff889ffffc0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 843.876242] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 843.880778] CR2: 00007fa42affcfb8 CR3: 000000011433a002 CR4: 0000000000770ef0 [ 843.885336] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 843.889809] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [ 843.894229] PKRU: 55555554 [ 843.898539] Call Trace: [ 843.902772] <IRQ> [ 843.906922] ? __die_body+0x1e/0x60 [ 843.911032] ? die+0x3c/0x60 [ 843.915037] ? do_trap+0xe2/0x110 [ 843.918911] ? pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.922687] ? do_error_trap+0x65/0x80 [ 843.926342] ? pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.929905] ? exc_invalid_op+0x50/0x60 [ 843.933398] ? pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.936835] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20 [ 843.940226] ? pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.943580] inet_frag_reasm_prepare+0xd1/0x240 [ 843.946904] ip_defrag+0x5d4/0x870 [ 843.950132] nf_ct_handle_fragments+0xec/0x130 [nf_conntrack] [ 843.953334] tcf_ct_act+0x252/0xd90 [act_ct] [ 843.956473] ? tcf_mirred_act+0x516/0x5a0 [act_mirred] [ 843.959657] tcf_action_exec+0xa1/0x160 [ 843.962823] fl_classify+0x1db/0x1f0 [cls_flower] [ 843.966010] ? skb_clone+0x53/0xc0 [ 843.969173] tcf_classify+0x24d/0x420 [ 843.972333] tc_run+0x8f/0xf0 [ 843.975465] __netif_receive_skb_core+0x67a/0x1080 [ 843.978634] ? dev_gro_receive+0x249/0x730 [ 843.981759] __netif_receive_skb_list_core+0x12d/0x260 [ 843.984869] netif_receive_skb_list_internal+0x1cb/0x2f0 [ 843.987957] ? mlx5e_handle_rx_cqe_mpwrq_rep+0xfa/0x1a0 [mlx5_core] [ 843.991170] napi_complete_done+0x72/0x1a0 [ 843.994305] mlx5e_napi_poll+0x28c/0x6d0 [mlx5_core] [ 843.997501] __napi_poll+0x25/0x1b0 [ 844.000627] net_rx_action+0x256/0x330 [ 844.003705] __do_softirq+0xb3/0x29b [ 844.006718] irq_exit_rcu+0x9e/0xc0 [ 844.009672] common_interrupt+0x86/0xa0 [ 844.012537] </IRQ> [ 844.015285] <TASK> [ 844.017937] asm_common_interrupt+0x26/0x40 [ 844.020591] RIP: 0010:acpi_safe_halt+0x1b/0x20 [ 844.023247] Code: ff 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 65 48 8b 04 25 00 18 03 00 48 8b 00 a8 08 75 0c 66 90 0f 00 2d 81 d0 44 00 fb ---truncated---

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00644 51st percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Linux (Linux): 5.15.148, 6.1.75, 6.6.14 +2Red Hat: 9 advisoriesRed Hat: 22 fixed, 1 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
LinuxLinux5.3 and later5.15.148, 6.1.75, 6.6.14, 6.7.2, 6.8Patch availableCNA
  • Linux VendorLinux Affected 5.3 and later Fixed in 5.15.148, 6.1.75, 6.6.14, 6.7.2, 6.8 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.3 to before 5.15.148; 5.16 to before 6.1.75; 6.2 to before 6.6.14; 6.7 to before 6.7.2VulnerableLinux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.3 to before 5.15.148; 5.16 to before 6.1.75; 6.2 to before 6.6.14; 6.7 to before 6.7.2 Vulnerable ·Linux

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.15.148, 6.1.75, 6.6.14, 6.7.2, 6.8

Red Hat 9 advisories

  • RHSA-2025:22999 Released 2025-12-10 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.157.1.el9_0, kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.157.1.el9_0, kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.157.1.el9_0 +5
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) bpftool-5.14.0-70.157.1.el9_0, kernel-5.14.0-70.157.1.el9_0, kernel-abi-stablelists-5.14.0-70.157.1.el9_0 +14
  • RHSA-2025:22997 Released 2025-12-10 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.157.1.rt21.229.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.157.1.rt21.229.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.157.1.rt21.229.el9_0 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.157.1.rt21.229.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.157.1.rt21.229.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.157.1.rt21.229.el9_0 +7
  • RHSA-2025:22124 Released 2025-11-25 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.148.1.rt14.433.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.148.1.rt14.433.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.148.1.rt14.433.el9_2 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.148.1.rt14.433.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.148.1.rt14.433.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.148.1.rt14.433.el9_2 +11
Show 6 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2025:22095 Released 2025-11-25 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-284.148.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-284.148.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-284.148.1.el9_2 +10
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool-7.0.0-284.148.1.el9_2, kernel-5.14.0-284.148.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-5.14.0-284.148.1.el9_2 +29
  • RHSA-2024:5692 Released 2024-08-21 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.119.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.119.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.119.1.el8_6 +13
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.119.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.119.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.119.1.el8_6 +18
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.119.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.119.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.119.1.el8_6 +13
  • RHSA-2024:5255 Released 2024-08-13 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.8.8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-477.67.1.el8_8
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.67.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.67.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.67.1.el8_8 +19
  • RHSA-2024:3627 Released 2024-06-05 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security and bug fix update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 +7
  • RHSA-2024:3618 Released 2024-06-05 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bpftool-4.18.0-553.5.1.el8_10, kernel-4.18.0-553.5.1.el8_10, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-553.5.1.el8_10 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-553.5.1.el8_10
  • RHSA-2024:2394 Released 2024-04-30 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) bpftool-7.3.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +29
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 9) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, libperf-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 +9

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2024:5255
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:22999
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:22095
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2024:3618
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2024:5692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2024:5692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:22999
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:22095
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2024:5255
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2024:5692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2024:3618
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2024:3627
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:22997
Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2024:3627
Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2024:2394
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:22997
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:22124
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:22124
Not affected: 6 products
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6)
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6)
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.8.8)
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6)

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2023-52610
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-rg96-q483-7789
  3. 2026-10-21 EPSS moved to the 50th–90th percentile

References

  • TI-2025-26358 tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-38352 netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2013-05264 The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2022-00125 Integer overflow in kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2013-01864 The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2021-05514 Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.3
See all 15278 →

Sources