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TI-2024-06413 Aliases CVE-2024-6914GHSA-hqgr-xf2j-75r5

Incorrect Authorization in Multiple WSO2 Products via Account Recovery SOAP Admin Service Leading to Account Takeover

Priority MEDIUM 50CWE-863Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Security bypass
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-863.

Summary

An incorrect authorization vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to a business logic flaw in the account recovery-related SOAP admin service. A malicious actor can exploit this vulnerability to reset the password of any user account, leading to a complete account takeover, including accounts with elevated privileges. This vulnerability is exploitable only through the account recovery SOAP admin services exposed via the "/services" context path in affected products. The impact may be reduced if access to these endpoints has been restricted based on the "Security Guidelines for Production Deployment" by disabling exposure to untrusted networks.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00754 55th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed WSO2 API Manager (WSO2): 2.2.0.55, 2.5.0.82, 2.6.0.141 +8WSO2 Governance Registry (WSO2): 5.4.0.14+7 more products

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
Yes
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
WSO2WSO2 API Manager2.2.0 to before 2.2.0.55; 2.5.0 to before 2.5.0.82; 2.6.0 to before 2.6.0.141; 3.0.0 to before 3.0.0.161; 3.1.0 to before 3.1.0.292; 3.2.0 to before 3.2.0.382; 3.2.1 to before 3.2.1.14; 4.0.0 to before 4.0.0.304; 4.1.0 to before 4.1.0.164; 4.2.0 to before 4.2.0.99; 4.3.0 to before 4.3.0.152.2.0.55, 2.5.0.82, 2.6.0.141, 3.0.0.161, 3.1.0.292, 3.2.0.382, 3.2.1.14, 4.0.0.304, 4.1.0.164, 4.2.0.99, 4.3.0.15Patch availableCNA
WSO2WSO2 Governance Registry5.4.0 to before 5.4.0.145.4.0.14Patch availableCNA
WSO2WSO2 Identity Server5.3.0 to before 5.3.0.31; 5.4.0 to before 5.4.0.30; 5.4.1 to before 5.4.1.35; 5.5.0 to before 5.5.0.48; 5.6.0 to before 5.6.0.56; 5.7.0 to before 5.7.0.122; 5.8.0 to before 5.8.0.104; 5.9.0 to before 5.9.0.155; 5.10.0 to before 5.10.0.317; 5.11.0 to before 5.11.0.363; 6.0.0 to before 6.0.0.207; 6.1.0 to before 6.1.0.184; 7.0.0 to before 7.0.0.565.3.0.31, 5.4.0.30, 5.4.1.35, 5.5.0.48, 5.6.0.56, 5.7.0.122, 5.8.0.104, 5.9.0.155, 5.10.0.317, 5.11.0.363, 6.0.0.207, 6.1.0.184, 7.0.0.56Patch availableCNA
WSO2WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager5.3.0 to before 5.3.0.36; 5.5.0 to before 5.5.0.49; 5.6.0 to before 5.6.0.70; 5.7.0 to before 5.7.0.121; 5.9.0 to before 5.9.0.162; 5.10.0 to before 5.10.0.3115.3.0.36, 5.5.0.49, 5.6.0.70, 5.7.0.121, 5.9.0.162, 5.10.0.311Patch availableCNA
WSO2WSO2 IoT3.3.0 to before 3.3.0.59; 3.3.1 to before 3.3.1.613.3.0.59, 3.3.1.61Patch availableCNA
WSO2WSO2 Open Banking AM1.3.0 to before 1.3.0.130; 1.4.0 to before 1.4.0.133; 1.5.0 to before 1.5.0.135; 2.0.0 to before 2.0.0.3411.3.0.130, 1.4.0.133, 1.5.0.135, 2.0.0.341Patch availableCNA
WSO2WSO2 Open banking KM1.3.0 to before 1.3.0.113; 1.4.0 to before 1.4.0.129; 1.5.0 to before 1.5.0.1191.3.0.113, 1.4.0.129, 1.5.0.119Patch availableCNA
WSO2WSO2 Open Banking IAM2.0.0 to before 2.0.0.3622.0.0.362Patch availableCNA
WSO2WSO2 Carbon Identity Management5.7.5 to before 5.7.5.9; 5.10.86 to before 5.10.86.4; 5.10.112 to before 5.10.112.14; 5.11.148 to before 5.11.148.13; 5.11.256 to before 5.11.256.15; 5.12.153 to before 5.12.153.58; 5.12.387 to before 5.12.387.41; 5.14.97 to before 5.14.97.75; 5.17.5 to before 5.17.5.282; 5.17.118 to before 5.17.118.4; 5.18.187 to before 5.18.187.265; 5.18.248 to before 5.18.248.14; 5.23.8 to before 5.23.8.184; 5.24.8 to before 5.24.8.6; 5.25.92 to before 5.25.92.92; 5.25.705 to before 5.25.705.6; 7.0.78 to before 7.0.78.325.7.5.9, 5.10.86.4, 5.10.112.14, 5.11.148.13, 5.11.256.15, 5.12.153.58, 5.12.387.41, 5.14.97.75, 5.17.5.282, 5.17.118.4, 5.18.187.265, 5.18.248.14, 5.23.8.184, 5.24.8.6, 5.25.92.92, 5.25.705.6, 7.0.78.32, 7.3.44Patch availableCNA
  • WSO2 API Manager VendorWSO2 Affected 2.2.0 to before 2.2.0.55; 2.5.0 to before 2.5.0.82; 2.6.0 to before 2.6.0.141; 3.0.0 to before 3.0.0.161; 3.1.0 to before 3.1.0.292; 3.2.0 to before 3.2.0.382; 3.2.1 to before 3.2.1.14; 4.0.0 to before 4.0.0.304; 4.1.0 to before 4.1.0.164; 4.2.0 to before 4.2.0.99; 4.3.0 to before 4.3.0.15 Fixed in 2.2.0.55, 2.5.0.82, 2.6.0.141, 3.0.0.161, 3.1.0.292, 3.2.0.382, 3.2.1.14, 4.0.0.304, 4.1.0.164, 4.2.0.99, 4.3.0.15 Patch available CNA
  • WSO2 Governance Registry VendorWSO2 Affected 5.4.0 to before 5.4.0.14 Fixed in 5.4.0.14 Patch available CNA
  • WSO2 Identity Server VendorWSO2 Affected 5.3.0 to before 5.3.0.31; 5.4.0 to before 5.4.0.30; 5.4.1 to before 5.4.1.35; 5.5.0 to before 5.5.0.48; 5.6.0 to before 5.6.0.56; 5.7.0 to before 5.7.0.122; 5.8.0 to before 5.8.0.104; 5.9.0 to before 5.9.0.155; 5.10.0 to before 5.10.0.317; 5.11.0 to before 5.11.0.363; 6.0.0 to before 6.0.0.207; 6.1.0 to before 6.1.0.184; 7.0.0 to before 7.0.0.56 Fixed in 5.3.0.31, 5.4.0.30, 5.4.1.35, 5.5.0.48, 5.6.0.56, 5.7.0.122, 5.8.0.104, 5.9.0.155, 5.10.0.317, 5.11.0.363, 6.0.0.207, 6.1.0.184, 7.0.0.56 Patch available CNA
  • WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager VendorWSO2 Affected 5.3.0 to before 5.3.0.36; 5.5.0 to before 5.5.0.49; 5.6.0 to before 5.6.0.70; 5.7.0 to before 5.7.0.121; 5.9.0 to before 5.9.0.162; 5.10.0 to before 5.10.0.311 Fixed in 5.3.0.36, 5.5.0.49, 5.6.0.70, 5.7.0.121, 5.9.0.162, 5.10.0.311 Patch available CNA
  • WSO2 IoT VendorWSO2 Affected 3.3.0 to before 3.3.0.59; 3.3.1 to before 3.3.1.61 Fixed in 3.3.0.59, 3.3.1.61 Patch available CNA
  • WSO2 Open Banking AM VendorWSO2 Affected 1.3.0 to before 1.3.0.130; 1.4.0 to before 1.4.0.133; 1.5.0 to before 1.5.0.135; 2.0.0 to before 2.0.0.341 Fixed in 1.3.0.130, 1.4.0.133, 1.5.0.135, 2.0.0.341 Patch available CNA
  • WSO2 Open banking KM VendorWSO2 Affected 1.3.0 to before 1.3.0.113; 1.4.0 to before 1.4.0.129; 1.5.0 to before 1.5.0.119 Fixed in 1.3.0.113, 1.4.0.129, 1.5.0.119 Patch available CNA
  • WSO2 Open Banking IAM VendorWSO2 Affected 2.0.0 to before 2.0.0.362 Fixed in 2.0.0.362 Patch available CNA
  • WSO2 Carbon Identity Management VendorWSO2 Affected 5.7.5 to before 5.7.5.9; 5.10.86 to before 5.10.86.4; 5.10.112 to before 5.10.112.14; 5.11.148 to before 5.11.148.13; 5.11.256 to before 5.11.256.15; 5.12.153 to before 5.12.153.58; 5.12.387 to before 5.12.387.41; 5.14.97 to before 5.14.97.75; 5.17.5 to before 5.17.5.282; 5.17.118 to before 5.17.118.4; 5.18.187 to before 5.18.187.265; 5.18.248 to before 5.18.248.14; 5.23.8 to before 5.23.8.184; 5.24.8 to before 5.24.8.6; 5.25.92 to before 5.25.92.92; 5.25.705 to before 5.25.705.6; 7.0.78 to before 7.0.78.32 Fixed in 5.7.5.9, 5.10.86.4, 5.10.112.14, 5.11.148.13, 5.11.256.15, 5.12.153.58, 5.12.387.41, 5.14.97.75, 5.17.5.282, 5.17.118.4, 5.18.187.265, 5.18.248.14, 5.23.8.184, 5.24.8.6, 5.25.92.92, 5.25.705.6, 7.0.78.32, 7.3.44 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 38

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:2.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*2.2.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:2.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*2.5.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*2.6.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.0.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.1.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:3.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.2.1VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.0.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:4.1.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*4.1.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:4.2.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*4.2.0VulnerableWSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:2.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.2.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:2.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.5.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.6.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.0.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.1.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:3.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.2.1 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.0.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:4.1.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.1.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:4.2.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.2.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
Show 28 more CPE
CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:4.3.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*4.3.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.3.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.4.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.4.1VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.5.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.6.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.7.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.8.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.9.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.10.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.11.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:6.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*6.0.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:6.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*6.1.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*7.0.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.3.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.5.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.6.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.7.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.9.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.10.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*1.3.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*1.4.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*1.5.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*2.0.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_iam:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*2.0.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_km:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*1.3.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_km:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*1.4.0VulnerableWSO2
cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_km:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*1.5.0VulnerableWSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:4.3.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.3.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.3.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.4.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.4.1 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.5.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.6.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.7.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.8.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.9.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.10.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:5.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.11.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:6.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.0.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:6.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.1.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 7.0.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.3.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.5.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.6.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.7.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.9.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:5.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.10.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.4.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.5.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.0.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_iam:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.0.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_km:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.3.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_km:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.4.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2
  • cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_km:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.5.0 Vulnerable ·WSO2

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA WSO2 API Manager (WSO2) Fixed in 2.2.0.55, 2.5.0.82, 2.6.0.141, 3.0.0.161, 3.1.0.292, 3.2.0.382, 3.2.1.14, 4.0.0.304, 4.1.0.164, 4.2.0.99, 4.3.0.15
  • Fix · CNA WSO2 Governance Registry (WSO2) Fixed in 5.4.0.14
  • Fix · CNA WSO2 Identity Server (WSO2) Fixed in 5.3.0.31, 5.4.0.30, 5.4.1.35, 5.5.0.48, 5.6.0.56, 5.7.0.122, 5.8.0.104, 5.9.0.155, 5.10.0.317, 5.11.0.363, 6.0.0.207, 6.1.0.184, 7.0.0.56
  • Fix · CNA WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager (WSO2) Fixed in 5.3.0.36, 5.5.0.49, 5.6.0.70, 5.7.0.121, 5.9.0.162, 5.10.0.311
  • Fix · CNA WSO2 IoT (WSO2) Fixed in 3.3.0.59, 3.3.1.61
  • Fix · CNA WSO2 Open Banking AM (WSO2) Fixed in 1.3.0.130, 1.4.0.133, 1.5.0.135, 2.0.0.341
  • Fix · CNA WSO2 Open banking KM (WSO2) Fixed in 1.3.0.113, 1.4.0.129, 1.5.0.119
  • Fix · CNA WSO2 Open Banking IAM (WSO2) Fixed in 2.0.0.362
  • Fix · CNA WSO2 Carbon Identity Management (WSO2) Fixed in 5.7.5.9, 5.10.86.4, 5.10.112.14, 5.11.148.13, 5.11.256.15, 5.12.153.58, 5.12.387.41, 5.14.97.75, 5.17.5.282, 5.17.118.4, 5.18.187.265, 5.18.248.14, 5.23.8.184, 5.24.8.6, 5.25.92.92, 5.25.705.6, 7.0.78.32, 7.3.44

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2024-6914
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-hqgr-xf2j-75r5

References

Advisory 2

  • TI-2026-04755 Authentication Bypass via JWT Algorithm Mismatch in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Account Takeover KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2022-11928 Certain WSO2 products allow unrestricted file upload with resultant remote code execution. KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2020-15069 The Management Console in WSO2 API Manager through 3.1.0 and API Microgateway 2.2.0… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
  • TI-2023-15163 A reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in /authenticationendpoint/login.do… CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 6.1
  • TI-2022-12002 A reflected XSS issue exists in the Management Console of several WSO2 products. CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 6.1
  • TI-2025-13722 Account Takeover via Conditional Authentication Script Logic in Multiple WSO2 Products CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.4
See all 94 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences