jose vulnerable to resource exhaustion via specifically crafted JWE with compressed plaintext
Priority LOW 31CWE-400Published · Updated
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- High
- Impact type
- Denial of service
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- None · None · High
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 14 fixed, 1 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · NVD. Fix status from CNA, GitHub and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-400.
Summary
jose is JavaScript module for JSON Object Signing and Encryption, providing support for JSON Web Tokens (JWT), JSON Web Signature (JWS), JSON Web Encryption (JWE), JSON Web Key (JWK), JSON Web Key Set (JWKS), and more. A vulnerability has been identified in the JSON Web Encryption (JWE) decryption interfaces, specifically related to the support for decompressing plaintext after its decryption. Under certain conditions it is possible to have the user's environment consume unreasonable amount of CPU time or memory during JWE Decryption operations. This issue has been patched in versions 2.0.7 and 4.15.5.
Why it matters now
Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.02102 81st percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial jose (panva): 2.0.7jose (npm): 4.15.5, 2.0.7+2 more productsRed Hat: 11 advisoriesRed Hat: 14 fixed, 1 without a fix
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Partial
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| panva | jose | 3.0.0 – 4.15.4; before 2.0.7 | 2.0.7 | Patch available | CNA |
| — | jose (npm) | 3.0.0 to before 4.15.5 | 4.15.5 | Patch available | GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q |
| — | jose-node-cjs-runtime (npm) | before 4.15.5 | 4.15.5 | Patch available | GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q |
| — | jose-node-esm-runtime (npm) | before 4.15.5 | 4.15.5 | Patch available | GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q |
| — | jose (npm) | before 2.0.7 | 2.0.7 | Patch available | GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q |
- jose Vendorpanva Affected 3.0.0 – 4.15.4; before 2.0.7 Fixed in 2.0.7 Patch available CNA
- jose (npm) Vendor— Affected 3.0.0 to before 4.15.5 Fixed in 4.15.5 Patch available GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q
- jose-node-cjs-runtime (npm) Vendor— Affected before 4.15.5 Fixed in 4.15.5 Patch available GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q
- jose-node-esm-runtime (npm) Vendor— Affected before 4.15.5 Fixed in 4.15.5 Patch available GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q
- jose (npm) Vendor— Affected before 2.0.7 Fixed in 2.0.7 Patch available GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q
CPE configurations NVD · 2
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:jose_project:jose:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* | before 2.0.7; 3.0.0 to before 4.15.5 | Vulnerable | Jose Project |
| cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 38 – 40 | Vulnerable | Fedoraproject |
- cpe:2.3:a:jose_project:jose:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* Versions before 2.0.7; 3.0.0 to before 4.15.5 Vulnerable ·Jose Project
- cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 38 – 40 Vulnerable ·Fedoraproject
Remediation
- Fix · CNA jose (panva) Fixed in 2.0.7
- Fix · GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q jose (npm) Fixed in 4.15.5 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q jose-node-cjs-runtime (npm) Fixed in 4.15.5 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q jose-node-esm-runtime (npm) Fixed in 4.15.5 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q jose (npm) Fixed in 2.0.7 Advisory →
Red Hat 11 advisories
- RHSA-2024:9181 Released 2024-11-12 · Red Hat rating Moderatejose security update
- Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) libjose-devel-14-1.el9
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) jose-14-1.el9, libjose-14-1.el9
- RHSA-2024:8676 Released 2024-10-30 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat OpenShift Data Foundation 4.17.0 Security, Enhancement, & Bug Fix Update
- RHODF 4.17 for RHEL 9 odf4/mcg-core-rhel9, odf4/ocs-client-console-rhel9, odf4/odf-console-rhel9 +3
- RHSA-2024:6755 Released 2024-09-18 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat OpenShift Data Foundation 4.16.2 security and bug fix update
- RHODF 4.16 for RHEL 9 odf4/cephcsi-rhel9, odf4/mcg-core-rhel9, odf4/ocs-client-console-rhel9 +7
Show 8 more Red Hat advisories
- RHSA-2024:5294 Released 2024-08-13 · Red Hat rating Moderatejose security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) jose-10-2.el8_10.3, libjose-10-2.el8_10.3, libjose-devel-10-2.el8_10.3
- RHSA-2024:5094 Released 2024-08-07 · Red Hat rating ModerateRed Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Containers for 2.6.0 security update
- RHOSSM 2.6 for RHEL 8 openshift-service-mesh/grafana-rhel8, openshift-service-mesh/istio-cni-rhel8, openshift-service-mesh/istio-must-gather-rhel8 +6
- RHOSSM 2.6 for RHEL 9 openshift-service-mesh/proxyv2-rhel9
- RHSA-2024:4591 Released 2024-07-17 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat OpenShift Data Foundation 4.16.0 security, enhancement & bug fix update
- RHODF 4.16 for RHEL 9 odf4/cephcsi-rhel9, odf4/mcg-core-rhel9, odf4/mcg-operator-bundle +8
- RHSA-2024:0045 Released 2024-06-27 · Red Hat rating ImportantOpenShift Container Platform 4.16.0 security update
- Ironic content for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 python-eventlet-0.33.1-6.el9, python3-eventlet-0.33.1-6.el9
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 butane-0.21.0-1.rhaos4.16.el8, butane-redistributable-0.21.0-1.rhaos4.16.el8, cri-o-1.29.5-5.rhaos4.16.git7032128.el8 +43
- RHSA-2024:0041 Released 2024-06-27 · Red Hat rating CriticalOpenShift Container Platform 4.16.0 bug fix and security update
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 openshift4/aws-kms-encryption-provider-rhel9, openshift4/azure-kms-encryption-provider-rhel9, openshift4/cloud-network-config-controller-rhel9 +47
- RHSA-2024:3968 Released 2024-06-18 · Red Hat rating Moderatecontainer-tools:rhel8 bug fix and enhancement update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) aardvark-dns-2:1.10.0-1.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b.aarch64::container-tools:rhel8, aardvark-dns-2:1.10.0-1.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b.ppc64le::container-tools:rhel8, aardvark-dns-2:1.10.0-1.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b.s390x::container-tools:rhel8 +47
- RHSA-2024:3827 Released 2024-06-11 · Red Hat rating Moderatebuildah security and bug fix update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) buildah-2:1.33.7-2.el9_4, buildah-tests-2:1.33.7-2.el9_4
- RHSA-2024:3826 Released 2024-06-11 · Red Hat rating Moderatepodman security and bug fix update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) podman-4:4.9.4-4.el9_4, podman-docker-4:4.9.4-4.el9_4, podman-plugins-4:4.9.4-4.el9_4 +2
Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 | Affected | No fix planned: Out of support scope |
| RHODF 4.16 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2024:4591, RHSA-2024:6755 |
| RHODF 4.17 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2024:8676 |
| RHOSSM 2.6 for RHEL 8 | Fixed | RHSA-2024:5094 |
| RHOSSM 2.6 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2024:5094 |
| Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.10 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | — |
| Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.9 for RHEL 8 | Fixed | — |
| Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.3 Tools | Fixed | — |
| Red Hat Ceph Storage 7.1 Tools | Fixed | — |
| Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2024:9181 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2024:3968, RHSA-2024:5294 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2024:3826, RHSA-2024:3827, RHSA-2024:9181 |
| Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 | Fixed | RHSA-2024:0041, RHSA-2024:0045 |
| multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.4 for RHEL 8 | Fixed | — |
| multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.5 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | — |
Not affected: 44 products
- Custom Metric Autoscaler operator for Red Hat Openshift
- Ironic content for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16
- Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift
- Migration Toolkit for Applications 6
- Migration Toolkit for Containers
- Multicluster Engine for Kubernetes
- OpenShift API for Data Protection
- OpenShift Developer Tools and Services
- OpenShift Pipelines
- OpenShift Serverless
- OpenShift Service Mesh 2
- RHODF 4.16 for RHEL 9
- RHODF 4.17 for RHEL 9
- Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2
- Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.10 for RHEL 9
- Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.9 for RHEL 8
- Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
- Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4
- Red Hat Ceph Storage 6
- Red Hat Developer Hub 1
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 3.11
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform Assisted Installer 1
- Red Hat OpenShift Data Science (RHODS)
- Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces
- Red Hat OpenShift GitOps
- Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4
- Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 2
- Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3
- Red Hat OpenShift on AWS
- Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2
- Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4
- Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4
- Red Hat Openshift Sandboxed Containers
- Red Hat Quay 3
- Red Hat Storage 3
- cert-manager Operator for Red Hat OpenShift
- multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.4 for RHEL 8
- multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.5 for RHEL 8
- multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.5 for RHEL 9
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2024-28176
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q
- 2026-10-27 Affected versions changed · Red Hat
- 2026-10-30 Fix available: Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.3 Tools · Red Hat
References
Patch 2
Advisory 7
- https://github.com/panva/jose/security/advisories/GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/XJDO5VSIAOGT2WP63AXAAWNRSVJCNCRH/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/KXKGNCRU7OTM5AHC7YIYBNOWI742PRMY/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/I6MMWFBOXJA6ZCXNVPDFJ4XMK5PVG5RG/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/UJO2U5ACZVACNQXJ5EBRFLFW6DP5BROY/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/UG5FSEYJ3GP27FZXC5YAAMMEC5XWKJHG/
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28176
Other 6
- https://github.com/panva/jose
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/I6MMWFBOXJA6ZCXNVPDFJ4XMK5PVG5RG
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/KXKGNCRU7OTM5AHC7YIYBNOWI742PRMY
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/UG5FSEYJ3GP27FZXC5YAAMMEC5XWKJHG
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/UJO2U5ACZVACNQXJ5EBRFLFW6DP5BROY
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/XJDO5VSIAOGT2WP63AXAAWNRSVJCNCRH
More panva vulnerabilities
- TI-2022-16506 JOSE vulnerable to resource exhaustion via specifically crafted JWE CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.3
- TI-2021-10159 Padding Oracle Attack due to Observable Timing Discrepancy in jose-node-cjs-runtime CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.9
- TI-2021-10158 Padding Oracle Attack due to Observable Timing Discrepancy in jose-node-esm-runtime CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.9
- TI-2021-10157 Padding Oracle Attack due to Observable Timing Discrepancy in jose-browser-runtime CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.9
- TI-2021-10156 Padding Oracle Attack due to Observable Timing Discrepancy in jose CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.9
Sources
- CVE-2024-28176 · CVE Program
- CVE-2024-28176 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2024-28176 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences