Buffer Copy Without Checking Size of Input (`Classic Buffer Overflow`) in Computer Vision
Priority LOW 35CWE-120Published · Updated
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Local
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Impact type
- Code execution
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · High
- Fix status
- No fix listed
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-120 and the CVSS impact.
Summary
Memory corruption during the handshake between the Primary Virtual Machine and Trusted Virtual Machine.
Why it matters now
Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00127 2nd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm | Snapdragon | FastConnect 6700; FastConnect 6900; FastConnect 7800; QCM5430; QCM6490; QCM8550; QCS5430; QCS6490; QCS8550; Qualcomm Video Collaboration VC3 Platform; SDM429W; SG8275P; SM8550P; SM8635; Snapdragon 429 Mobile Platform; Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 Mobile Platform; Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 Mobile Platform; Snapdragon 8+ Gen 2 Mobile Platform; WCD9370; WCD9375; WCD9380; WCD9385; WCD9390; WCD9395; WCN3620; WCN3660B; WCN6755; WSA8830; WSA8832; WSA8835; WSA8840; WSA8845; WSA8845H | — | No fix listed | CNA |
- Snapdragon VendorQualcomm Affected FastConnect 6700; FastConnect 6900; FastConnect 7800; QCM5430; QCM6490; QCM8550; QCS5430; QCS6490; QCS8550; Qualcomm Video Collaboration VC3 Platform; SDM429W; SG8275P; SM8550P; SM8635; Snapdragon 429 Mobile Platform; Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 Mobile Platform; Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 Mobile Platform; Snapdragon 8+ Gen 2 Mobile Platform; WCD9370; WCD9375; WCD9380; WCD9385; WCD9390; WCD9395; WCN3620; WCN3660B; WCN6755; WSA8830; WSA8832; WSA8835; WSA8840; WSA8845; WSA8845H Fixed in — No fix listed CNA
CPE configurations NVD · 66
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_6700_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:fastconnect_6700:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_6900_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:fastconnect_6900:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_7800_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:fastconnect_7800:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm5430_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcm5430:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm6490_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcm6490:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_6700_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:fastconnect_6700:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_6900_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:fastconnect_6900:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:fastconnect_7800_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:fastconnect_7800:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm5430_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcm5430:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm6490_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcm6490:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
Show 56 more CPE
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm8550_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcm8550:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs5430_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcs5430:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs6490_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcs6490:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs8550_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcs8550:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:video_collaboration_vc3_platform_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:video_collaboration_vc3_platform:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sdm429w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:sdm429w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sg8275p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:sg8275p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm8550p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:sm8550p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm8635_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:sm8635:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_429_mobile_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:snapdragon_429_mobile:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_8_gen_2_mobile_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:snapdragon_8_gen_2_mobile:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_8_gen_3_mobile_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:snapdragon_8_gen_3_mobile:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_8\+_gen_2_mobile_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:snapdragon_8\+_gen_2_mobile:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9370_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9370:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9375_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9375:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9380_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9380:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9385_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9385:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9390_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9390:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9395_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9395:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn3620_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcn3620:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn3660b_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcn3660b:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn6755_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcn6755:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8830_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8830:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8832_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8832:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8835_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8835:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8840_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8840:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8845_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8845:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8845h_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Vulnerable | Qualcomm |
| cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8845h:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | not specified by NVD | Running on | Qualcomm |
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm8550_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcm8550:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs5430_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcs5430:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs6490_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcs6490:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs8550_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:qcs8550:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:video_collaboration_vc3_platform_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:video_collaboration_vc3_platform:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sdm429w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:sdm429w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sg8275p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:sg8275p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm8550p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:sm8550p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm8635_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:sm8635:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_429_mobile_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:snapdragon_429_mobile:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_8_gen_2_mobile_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:snapdragon_8_gen_2_mobile:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_8_gen_3_mobile_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:snapdragon_8_gen_3_mobile:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_8\+_gen_2_mobile_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:snapdragon_8\+_gen_2_mobile:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9370_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9370:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9375_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9375:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9380_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9380:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9385_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9385:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9390_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9390:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcd9395_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcd9395:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn3620_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcn3620:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn3660b_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcn3660b:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn6755_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wcn6755:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8830_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8830:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8832_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8832:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8835_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8835:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8840_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8840:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8845_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8845:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wsa8845h_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Vulnerable ·Qualcomm
- cpe:2.3:h:qualcomm:wsa8845h:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions not specified by NVD Running on ·Qualcomm
Remediation
No fixed version listed by the sources yet.
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2024-33054
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-xr2r-hj4r-gw3q
References
More Qualcomm Fastconnect 6700 Firmware vulnerabilities
- TI-2025-15441 Incorrect Authorization in Graphics Windows KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
- TI-2025-15440 Incorrect Authorization in Graphics KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
- TI-2023-16287 Integer Overflow or Wraparound in Graphics Linux KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
- TI-2023-16286 Use of Out-of-range Pointer Offset in Graphics KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
- TI-2026-17287 Integer Overflow or Wraparound in Graphics KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 7.8
- TI-2024-28736 Use After Free in DSP Service KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 7.8
Sources
- CVE-2024-33054 · CVE Program
- CVE-2024-33054 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-xr2r-hj4r-gw3q · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences