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TI-2025-02461 Aliases CVE-2025-2817GHSA-j657-7g4v-wv6h

Privilege escalation in Thunderbird Updater

Priority MEDIUM 41CWE-22Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
—
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 15 fixed, 4 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CISA ADP. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat.

Summary

Thunderbird's update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00667 52nd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Firefox (Mozilla): 115.23, 128.10, 138Thunderbird (Mozilla): 128.10, 138Red Hat: 22 advisoriesRed Hat: 15 fixed, 4 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
MozillaFirefox—115.23, 128.10, 138Patch availableCNA
MozillaThunderbird—128.10, 138Patch availableCNA
  • Firefox VendorMozilla Affected — Fixed in 115.23, 128.10, 138 Patch available CNA
  • Thunderbird VendorMozilla Affected — Fixed in 128.10, 138 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 4

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*before 115.23.0VulnerableMozilla
cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*before 138.0VulnerableMozilla
cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*116.0 to before 128.10.0VulnerableMozilla
cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 128.10.0; 129.0 to before 138.0VulnerableMozilla
  • cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:* Versions before 115.23.0 Vulnerable ·Mozilla
  • cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:* Versions before 138.0 Vulnerable ·Mozilla
  • cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:* Versions 116.0 to before 128.10.0 Vulnerable ·Mozilla
  • cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 128.10.0; 129.0 to before 138.0 Vulnerable ·Mozilla

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Firefox (Mozilla) Fixed in 115.23, 128.10, 138
  • Fix · CNA Thunderbird (Mozilla) Fixed in 128.10, 138

Red Hat 22 advisories

  • RHSA-2025:7695 Released 2025-05-15 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el9_4
  • RHSA-2025:7694 Released 2025-05-15 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.2) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el9_2
  • RHSA-2025:7689 Released 2025-05-15 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.8.8) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el8_8
Show 19 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2025:7690 Released 2025-05-15 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el8_6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.6) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el8_6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.6) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el8_6
  • RHSA-2025:7692 Released 2025-05-15 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el9_0
  • RHSA-2025:7691 Released 2025-05-15 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el8_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.4) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el8_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.4) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el8_4
  • RHSA-2025:7693 Released 2025-05-15 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v. 8.2) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el8_2
  • RHSA-2025:7543 Released 2025-05-14 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.8.8) firefox-128.10.0-1.el8_8
  • RHSA-2025:7544 Released 2025-05-14 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6) firefox-128.10.0-1.el8_6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.6) firefox-128.10.0-1.el8_6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.6) firefox-128.10.0-1.el8_6
  • RHSA-2025:7547 Released 2025-05-14 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v. 8.2) firefox-128.10.0-1.el8_2
  • RHSA-2025:7545 Released 2025-05-14 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4) firefox-128.10.0-1.el8_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.4) firefox-128.10.0-1.el8_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.4) firefox-128.10.0-1.el8_4
  • RHSA-2025:7507 Released 2025-05-13 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el10_0
  • RHSA-2025:7506 Released 2025-05-13 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) firefox-128.10.0-1.el10_0
  • RHSA-2025:7428 Released 2025-05-13 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) firefox-128.10.0-1.el9_6, firefox-x11-128.10.0-1.el9_6
  • RHSA-2025:4797 Released 2025-05-12 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el8_10
  • RHSA-2025:4752 Released 2025-05-08 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.2) firefox-128.10.0-1.el9_2, firefox-x11-128.10.0-1.el9_2
  • RHSA-2025:4751 Released 2025-05-08 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7 ELS) firefox-128.10.0-1.el7_9
  • RHSA-2025:4756 Released 2025-05-08 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) firefox-128.10.0-1.el9_4, firefox-x11-128.10.0-1.el9_4
  • RHSA-2025:4753 Released 2025-05-08 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) firefox-128.10.0-1.el9_0
  • RHSA-2025:4460 Released 2025-05-05 · Red Hat rating Important
    thunderbird security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) thunderbird-128.10.0-1.el9_5
  • RHSA-2025:4458 Released 2025-05-05 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) firefox-128.10.0-1.el8_10
  • RHSA-2025:4443 Released 2025-05-05 · Red Hat rating Important
    firefox security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) firefox-128.10.0-1.el9_5, firefox-x11-128.10.0-1.el9_5

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Important. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6AffectedNo fix planned: Out of support scope
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7AffectedNo fix planned: Out of support scope
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:7506, RHSA-2025:7507
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2025:4458, RHSA-2025:4797
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:4443, RHSA-2025:4460, RHSA-2025:7428
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v. 8.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:7547, RHSA-2025:7693
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:7545, RHSA-2025:7691
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2025:7544, RHSA-2025:7690
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:7545, RHSA-2025:7691
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2025:7544, RHSA-2025:7690
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:4753, RHSA-2025:7692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2025:7543, RHSA-2025:7689
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:4752, RHSA-2025:7694
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:4756, RHSA-2025:7695
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:7545, RHSA-2025:7691
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2025:7544, RHSA-2025:7690
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7 ELS)Fixed RHSA-2025:4751

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-2817
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-j657-7g4v-wv6h
  3. 2026-10-13 EPSS moved to the 50th–90th percentile

References

Advisory 5

Other 1

  • TI-2024-08981 Use after free in Mozilla Firefox KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2022-09832 Use after free in Mozilla Firefox KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.6
  • TI-2019-08769 Improper input validation in Mozilla Firefox ESR KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2010-03577 Mozilla Firefox 3.5.x through 3.5.14 and 3.6.x through 3.6.11, Thunderbird 3.1.6 before… KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2023-04799 Out-of-bounds write in Google Chrome KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2023-04477 Out-of-bounds write in Google Chrome KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
See all 3444 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences