IndieAuth <= 4.5.4 - Cross-Site Request Forgery to Account Takeover via Stolen OAuth Tokens
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Impact type
- Tampering
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · High
- Fix status
- No fix listed
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-352.
Summary
The IndieAuth plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.4. This is due to missing nonce verification on the `login_form_indieauth()` function and the authorization endpoint at wp-login.php?action=indieauth. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to force authenticated users to approve OAuth authorization requests for attacker-controlled applications via a forged request granted they can trick a user into performing an action such as clicking on a link or visiting a malicious page while logged in. The attacker can then exchange the stolen authorization code for an access token, effectively taking over the victim's account with the granted scopes (create, update, delete).
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
Remediation
No fixed version listed by the sources yet.
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-12028
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-43mm-w7h4-j7r2
References
Other 5
- https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/42b373da-d5a6-4e3b-90f4-059da3641841?source=cve
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/indieauth/tags/4.5.4/includes/class-indieauth-authorization-endpoint.php#L411
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/indieauth/tags/4.5.4/includes/class-indieauth-authorization-endpoint.php#L418
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/indieauth/tags/4.5.4/includes/class-indieauth-authorization-endpoint.php#L476
- https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3384558/
More indieweb vulnerabilities
- TI-2025-13583 IndieWeb <= 4.0.5 - Authenticated (Author+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via 'Telephone' Parameter CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 6.4
Sources
- CVE-2025-12028 · CVE Program
- CVE-2025-12028 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-43mm-w7h4-j7r2 · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences