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TI-2025-11043 Aliases CVE-2025-12044GHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wf

Vault Vulnerable to Denial of Service Due to Rate Limit Regression

Priority LOW 39CWE-770Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Denial of service
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
None · None · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 2 fixed, 5 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA, GitHub and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-770.

Summary

Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00531 45th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Vault (HashiCorp): 1.21.0Vault Enterprise (HashiCorp): 1.21.0, 1.19.11, 1.18.15 +1+1 more productRed Hat: 6 advisoriesRed Hat: 2 fixed, 5 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
Yes
Technical impact
Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
HashiCorpVault1.20.3 to before 1.21.01.21.0Patch availableCNA
HashiCorpVault Enterprise1.20.3 to before 1.21.0; 1.19.9 to before 1.19.11; 1.18.14 to before 1.18.15; 1.16.25 to before 1.16.271.21.0, 1.19.11, 1.18.15, 1.16.27Patch availableCNA
—github.com/hashicorp/vault (Go)1.20.3 to before 1.21.01.21.0Patch availableGHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wf
  • Vault VendorHashiCorp Affected 1.20.3 to before 1.21.0 Fixed in 1.21.0 Patch available CNA
  • Vault Enterprise VendorHashiCorp Affected 1.20.3 to before 1.21.0; 1.19.9 to before 1.19.11; 1.18.14 to before 1.18.15; 1.16.25 to before 1.16.27 Fixed in 1.21.0, 1.19.11, 1.18.15, 1.16.27 Patch available CNA
  • github.com/hashicorp/vault (Go) Vendor— Affected 1.20.3 to before 1.21.0 Fixed in 1.21.0 Patch available GHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wf

CPE configurations NVD · 2

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*1.16.25 to before 1.16.27; 1.18.14 – 1.18.15; 1.19.9 – 1.19.11; 1.20.3 to before 1.20.5VulnerableHashiCorp
cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*1.20.3 to before 1.21.0VulnerableHashiCorp
  • cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:* Versions 1.16.25 to before 1.16.27; 1.18.14 – 1.18.15; 1.19.9 – 1.19.11; 1.20.3 to before 1.20.5 Vulnerable ·HashiCorp
  • cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:* Versions 1.20.3 to before 1.21.0 Vulnerable ·HashiCorp

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Vault (HashiCorp) Fixed in 1.21.0
  • Fix · CNA Vault Enterprise (HashiCorp) Fixed in 1.21.0, 1.19.11, 1.18.15, 1.16.27
  • Fix · GHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wf github.com/hashicorp/vault (Go) Fixed in 1.21.0 Advisory →

Red Hat 6 advisories

  • RHSA-2026:3827 Released 2026-03-05 · Red Hat rating Important
    Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines Release 1.20.3
    • Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines 1.20 registry.redhat.io/openshift-pipelines/pipelines-cli-tkn-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/openshift-pipelines/pipelines-serve-tkn-cli-rhel9
  • RHSA-2025:22058 Released 2025-11-25 · Red Hat rating Important
    RHTAS 1.3.1 - Tech Preview Release Of the Policy Controller Operator
    • Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3 registry.redhat.io/rhtas/policy-controller-rhel9
  • RHSA-2025:21988 Released 2025-11-24 · Red Hat rating Important
    RHTAS 1.3.1 - Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer Release
    • Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3 registry.redhat.io/rhtas/client-server-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhtas/cosign-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhtas/gitsign-rhel9
Show 3 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2025:21984 Released 2025-11-24 · Red Hat rating Important
    RHTAS 1.3.1 - Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer Release
    • Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3 registry.redhat.io/rhtas/timestamp-authority-rhel9
  • RHSA-2025:21981 Released 2025-11-24 · Red Hat rating Important
    RHTAS 1.3.1 - Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer Release
    • Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3 registry.redhat.io/rhtas/rekor-cli-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhtas/rekor-server-rhel9
  • RHSA-2025:21976 Released 2025-11-24 · Red Hat rating Important
    RHTAS 1.3.1 - Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer Release
    • Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3 registry.redhat.io/rhtas/fulcio-rhel9

Fixed in the same release

Records fixed by the same vendor advisory or release, as the CNA lists them.

  • Release ·

    HashiCorp Vault 1.21.0

    2 records Highest priority Priority LOW 2 LOW

    Other records, highest priority first

    • TI-2025-10651 Vault AWS auth method bypass due to AWS client cachePriority LOW 38
    Show all 2 records →

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Important. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4AffectedNo fix planned: Will not fix
Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat Trusted Artifact SignerAffectedNo fix yet
Zero Trust Workload Identity Manager - Tech PreviewAffectedNo fix planned: Will not fix
external secrets operator for Red Hat OpenShift - Tech PreviewAffectedNo fix planned: Will not fix
Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines 1.2Fixed RHSA-2026:3827
Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3Fixed RHSA-2025:21976, RHSA-2025:21981, RHSA-2025:21984, RHSA-2025:21988, RHSA-2025:22058
Not affected: 9 products
  • Custom Metric Autoscaler operator for Red Hat Openshift
  • External Secrets Operator for Red Hat OpenShift
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4
  • Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines 1.2
  • Red Hat OpenStack Platform 18.0
  • Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4
  • Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3
  • cert-manager Operator for Red Hat OpenShift
  • external secrets operator for Red Hat OpenShift - Tech Preview

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-12044
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wf

References

Advisory 2

Other 3

  • TI-2024-01904 Vault Cert Auth Method Did Not Correctly Validate Non-CA Certificates CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2022-19053 An issue was discovered in HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise before 1.11.3. CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
  • TI-2020-17874 The official vault docker images before 0.11.6 contain a blank password for a root user. CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2020-10142 HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise 1.4.0 and 1.4.1, when configured with the GCP… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-04407 Vault Vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery in ACME Challenge Validation via Attacker-Controlled DNS CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
  • TI-2025-05421 Arbitrary Remote Code Execution via Plugin Catalog Abuse CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
See all 71 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences