Quadratic complexity in node ID cache clearing
Priority LOW 36CWE-407Published · Updated
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Attack requirements
- Present
- Impact type
- Denial of service
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- None · None · Low
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 43 fixed, 4 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-407.
Summary
When building nested elements using xml.dom.minidom methods such as appendChild() that have a dependency on _clear_id_cache() the algorithm is quadratic. Availability can be impacted when building excessively nested documents.
Why it matters now
Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00856 58th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial CPython (Python Software Foundation): 3.10.20, 3.11.15, 3.12.13 +3Red Hat: 31 advisoriesRed Hat: 43 fixed, 4 without a fix
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- Yes
- Technical impact
- Partial
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Python Software Foundation | CPython | before 3.10.20; 3.11.0 to before 3.11.15; 3.12.0 to before 3.12.13; 3.13.0 to before 3.13.11; 3.14.0 to before 3.14.2; 3.15.0a1 to before 3.15.0a3 | 3.10.20, 3.11.15, 3.12.13, 3.13.11, 3.14.2, 3.15.0a3 | Patch available | CNA |
- CPython VendorPython Software Foundation Affected before 3.10.20; 3.11.0 to before 3.11.15; 3.12.0 to before 3.12.13; 3.13.0 to before 3.13.11; 3.14.0 to before 3.14.2; 3.15.0a1 to before 3.15.0a3 Fixed in 3.10.20, 3.11.15, 3.12.13, 3.13.11, 3.14.2, 3.15.0a3 Patch available CNA
CPE configurations NVD · 3
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:python:python:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | before 3.13.11; 3.14.0 to before 3.14.2 | Vulnerable | python-pillow |
| cpe:2.3:a:python:python:3.15.0:alpha1:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.15.0 alpha1 | Vulnerable | python-pillow |
| cpe:2.3:a:python:python:3.15.0:alpha2:*:*:*:*:*:* | 3.15.0 alpha2 | Vulnerable | python-pillow |
- cpe:2.3:a:python:python:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 3.13.11; 3.14.0 to before 3.14.2 Vulnerable ·python-pillow
- cpe:2.3:a:python:python:3.15.0:alpha1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.15.0 alpha1 Vulnerable ·python-pillow
- cpe:2.3:a:python:python:3.15.0:alpha2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.15.0 alpha2 Vulnerable ·python-pillow
Remediation
- Fix · CNA CPython (Python Software Foundation) Fixed in 3.10.20, 3.11.15, 3.12.13, 3.13.11, 3.14.2, 3.15.0a3
Red Hat 31 advisories
- RHSA-2026:8824 Released 2026-04-17 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- Red Hat Hardened Images python3.12-3.12.13-3.hum1@aarch64, python3.12-3.12.13-3.hum1@src, python3.12-3.12.13-3.hum1@x86_64 +12
- RHSA-2026:8822 Released 2026-04-17 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- Red Hat Hardened Images python3.11-3.11.15-4.hum1@aarch64, python3.11-3.11.15-4.hum1@src, python3.11-3.11.15-4.hum1@x86_64 +12
- RHSA-2026:7661 Released 2026-04-11 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- Red Hat Hardened Images python-unversioned-command-3.14.4-1.hum1@noarch@public-hummingbird-aarch64-rpms, python-unversioned-command-3.14.4-1.hum1@noarch@public-hummingbird-x86_64-rpms, python3-3.14.4-1.hum1@aarch64 +28
Show 28 more Red Hat advisories
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- RHSA-2026:2275 Released 2026-02-09 · Red Hat rating Moderatepython3.9 security update
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- RHSA-2026:0123 Released 2026-01-06 · Red Hat rating Moderatepython3.12 security update
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- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) python3.12-3.12.12-1.el8_10, python3.12-debug-3.12.12-1.el8_10, python3.12-idle-3.12.12-1.el8_10 +2
Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | Affected | No fix planned: Out of support scope |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 | Affected | No fix planned: Out of support scope |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1582, RHSA-2026:1893, RHSA-2026:2276 |
| Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1583, RHSA-2026:1892, RHSA-2026:2275 |
| Red Hat Discovery 2 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1736 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1828 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:0123, RHSA-2026:1374, RHSA-2026:1631 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1408, RHSA-2026:1410, RHSA-2026:1478 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v. 8.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1620 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1558 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2391 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2391 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2084, RHSA-2026:2330 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2393 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1922, RHSA-2026:2392 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2233 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1582, RHSA-2026:1893, RHSA-2026:2276 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1583, RHSA-2026:1892, RHSA-2026:2275 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1558 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2391 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2084, RHSA-2026:2330 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1828 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1631 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1478 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1620 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1558 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2391 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2391 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2330 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2393 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2392 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2233 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2276 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2275 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1558 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2391 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2330 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:0123, RHSA-2026:1374 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1828 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1408, RHSA-2026:1410, RHSA-2026:1478 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2233 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7 ELS) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1537, RHSA-2026:2713 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Optional (v. 7 ELS) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:1537, RHSA-2026:2713 |
| Red Hat Hardened Images | Fixed | RHSA-2026:7443, RHSA-2026:7661, RHSA-2026:8822, RHSA-2026:8824 |
| Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:2563, RHSA-2026:4943 |
Not affected: 5 products
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
- Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-12084
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-hfqx-732w-xrrw
References
Patch 14
- https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/142146
- https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/142145
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/08d8e18ad81cd45bc4a27d6da478b51ea49486e4
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/027f21e417b26eed4505ac2db101a4352b7c51a0
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/ddcd2acd85d891a53e281c773b3093f9db953964
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/27648a1818749ef44c420afe6173af6868715437
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8d2d7bb2e754f8649a68ce4116271a4932f76907
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/9c9dda6625a2a90d2a06c657eee021d6be19842d
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a696ba8b4d42fd632afc9bc88ad830a2e4cceed8
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/41f468786762348960486c166833a218a0a436af
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/57937a8e5e293f0dcba5115f7b7a11b1e0c9a273
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/e91c11449cad34bac3ea55ee09ca557691d92b53
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a46c10ec9d4050ab67b8a932e0859a2ea60c3cb8
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/c97e87593063d84a2bd9fe7068b30eb44de23dc0
More Python Software Foundation vulnerabilities
- TI-2024-07037 Quadratic complexity parsing cookies with backslashes CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2024-11791 Bypass extraction filter to modify file metadata outside extraction directory CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.3
- TI-2024-00411 Quoted zip-bomb protection for zipfile CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 6.2
- TI-2026-13296 `HTTPPasswordMgr` can send saved HTTPS credentials via HTTP because of incorrect scheme matching CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 6.0
- TI-2024-06422 Email header injection due to unquoted newlines CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.5
- TI-2026-04606 Possible to hijack modules in current working directory CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 5.6
Sources
- CVE-2025-12084 · CVE Program
- CVE-2025-12084 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-hfqx-732w-xrrw · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2025-12084 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences