x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Local
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Impact type
- —
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · High
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 2 fixed, 3 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat.
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs On the following path, flush_tlb_range() can be used for zapping normal PMD entries (PMD entries that point to page tables) together with the PTE entries in the pointed-to page table: collapse_pte_mapped_thp pmdp_collapse_flush flush_tlb_range The arm64 version of flush_tlb_range() has a comment describing that it can be used for page table removal, and does not use any last-level invalidation optimizations. Fix the X86 version by making it behave the same way. Currently, X86 only uses this information for the following two purposes, which I think means the issue doesn't have much impact: - In native_flush_tlb_multi() for checking if lazy TLB CPUs need to be IPI'd to avoid issues with speculative page table walks. - In Hyper-V TLB paravirtualization, again for lazy TLB stuff. The patch "x86/mm: only invalidate final translations with INVLPGB" which is currently under review (see <https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email protected]/>) would probably be making the impact of this a lot worse.
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | 4.20 and later | 5.4.292, 5.10.236, 5.15.180, 6.1.134, 6.6.87, 6.12.23, 6.13.11, 6.14.2, 6.15 | Patch available | CNA |
- Linux VendorLinux Affected 4.20 and later Fixed in 5.4.292, 5.10.236, 5.15.180, 6.1.134, 6.6.87, 6.12.23, 6.13.11, 6.14.2, 6.15 Patch available CNA
CPE configurations NVD · 1
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 4.20 to before 5.4.292; 5.5 to before 5.10.236; 5.11 to before 5.15.180; 5.16 to before 6.1.134; 6.2 to before 6.6.87; 6.7 to before 6.12.23; 6.13 to before 6.13.11; 6.14 to before 6.14.2 | Vulnerable | Linux |
- cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.20 to before 5.4.292; 5.5 to before 5.10.236; 5.11 to before 5.15.180; 5.16 to before 6.1.134; 6.2 to before 6.6.87; 6.7 to before 6.12.23; 6.13 to before 6.13.11; 6.14 to before 6.14.2 Vulnerable ·Linux
Remediation
- Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.4.292, 5.10.236, 5.15.180, 6.1.134, 6.6.87, 6.12.23, 6.13.11, 6.14.2, 6.15
Red Hat 1 advisory
- RHSA-2025:19102 Released 2025-10-27 · Red Hat rating Moderatekernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bpftool-4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, kernel-4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10 +19
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Low. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 | Affected | No fix planned: Out of support scope |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:19102 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:19102 |
Not affected: 2 products
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-22045
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-pghg-fxcf-g9f9
- 2026-10-16 CISA SSVC decision points changed
References
Patch 9
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/618d5612ecb7bfc1c85342daafeb2b47e29e77a3
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/556d446068f90981e5d71ca686bdaccdd545d491
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a8f806ea6b5dd64b3d1f05ff774817d5f7ddbd1
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0708fd6bd8161871bfbadced2ca4319b84ab44fe
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7085895c59e4057ffae17f58990ccb630087d0d2
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93224deb50a8d20df3884f3672ce9f982129aa50
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/320ac1af4c0bdb92c864dc9250d1329234820edf
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78d6f9a9eb2a5da6fcbd76d6191d24b0dcc321be
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ef938c3503563bfc2ac15083557f880d29c2e64
More Linux Kernel vulnerabilities
- TI-2025-26358 tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2026-38352 netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2013-05264 The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
- TI-2022-00125 Integer overflow in kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
- TI-2013-01864 The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
- TI-2021-05514 Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.3
Sources
- CVE-2025-22045 · CVE Program
- CVE-2025-22045 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-pghg-fxcf-g9f9 · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2025-22045 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences