TI-2025-18639 Aliases CVE-2025-24959 GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87

Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API in zx

LOW 6CWE-94Published 2025-02-03 · Updated 2025-02-12

Key facts

Attack vector: Local
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: Active
Attack complexity: Low
Attack requirements: Present
Impact type: Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability: Low · Low · Low
Fix status: Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and GitHub. Impact type from CWE-94.

Summary

zx is a tool for writing better scripts. An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into `process.env`. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through `dotenv.stringify` are particularly vulnerable. This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to `dotenv.stringify`. Specifically, avoid using `"`, `'`, and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV

EPSS 0.00175 7th percentileScored 2026-11-07

Fix Fixed zx (google): 8.3.2zx (npm): 8.3.2

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation: None
Automatable: No
Technical impact: Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

Vendor	Product	Affected versions	Fixed in	Status	Source
Google	zx	8.3.0 to before 8.3.2	8.3.2	Patch available	CNA
—	zx (npm)	8.3.1 to before 8.3.2	8.3.2	Patch available	GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87

zx VendorGoogle Affected 8.3.0 to before 8.3.2 Fixed in 8.3.2 Patch available CNA
zx (npm) Vendor— Affected 8.3.1 to before 8.3.2 Fixed in 8.3.2 Patch available GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87

Remediation

Fix · CNA zx (google) Fixed in 8.3.2
Fix · GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87 zx (npm) Fixed in 8.3.2 Advisory →

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat's page for this CVE →

Not affected: 1 product

Red Hat

Timeline

2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-24959
2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87

References

Advisory 1

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24959

Other 5

TI-2025-09686 Type confusion in Google Chrome KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2024-07390 Type confusion in Google Chrome KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.6
TI-2024-04898 Type confusion in Google Chrome KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.6
TI-2024-04600 Type confusion in Google Chrome KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.6
TI-2024-04346 Use after free in Google Chrome KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.6
TI-2023-05824 Integer overflow in Google Chrome KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.6

See all 17247 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences