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TI-2025-25470 Aliases CVE-2025-38129GHSA-98jq-f2h2-hqf4

page_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring

Priority LOW 35CWE-416Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Local
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 40 fixed, 2 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-416 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: page_pool: Fix use-after-free in page_pool_recycle_in_ring syzbot reported a uaf in page_pool_recycle_in_ring: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862 Read of size 8 at addr ffff8880286045a0 by task syz.0.284/6943 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6943 Comm: syz.0.284 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc3-syzkaller-gdfa94ce54f41 #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024 Call Trace: <TASK> __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline] print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:489 kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:602 lock_release+0x151/0xa30 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5862 __raw_spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:165 [inline] _raw_spin_unlock_bh+0x1b/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:210 spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline] ptr_ring_produce_bh include/linux/ptr_ring.h:164 [inline] page_pool_recycle_in_ring net/core/page_pool.c:707 [inline] page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem+0x748/0xb00 net/core/page_pool.c:826 page_pool_put_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:323 [inline] page_pool_put_full_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:353 [inline] napi_pp_put_page+0x149/0x2b0 net/core/skbuff.c:1036 skb_pp_recycle net/core/skbuff.c:1047 [inline] skb_free_head net/core/skbuff.c:1094 [inline] skb_release_data+0x6c4/0x8a0 net/core/skbuff.c:1125 skb_release_all net/core/skbuff.c:1190 [inline] __kfree_skb net/core/skbuff.c:1204 [inline] sk_skb_reason_drop+0x1c9/0x380 net/core/skbuff.c:1242 kfree_skb_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:1263 [inline] __skb_queue_purge_reason include/linux/skbuff.h:3343 [inline] root cause is: page_pool_recycle_in_ring ptr_ring_produce spin_lock(&r->producer_lock); WRITE_ONCE(r->queue[r->producer++], ptr) //recycle last page to pool page_pool_release page_pool_scrub page_pool_empty_ring ptr_ring_consume page_pool_return_page //release all page __page_pool_destroy free_percpu(pool->recycle_stats); free(pool) //free spin_unlock(&r->producer_lock); //pool->ring uaf read recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring); page_pool can be free while page pool recycle the last page in ring. Add producer-lock barrier to page_pool_release to prevent the page pool from being free before all pages have been recycled. recycle_stat_inc() is empty when CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS is not enabled, which will trigger Wempty-body build warning. Add definition for pool stat macro to fix warning.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00199 9th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Linux (Linux): 5.10.259, 5.15.198, 6.1.160 +4Red Hat: 14 advisoriesRed Hat: 40 fixed, 2 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
LinuxLinux4.18 and later5.10.259, 5.15.198, 6.1.160, 6.6.120, 6.12.34, 6.15.3, 6.16Patch availableCNA
  • Linux VendorLinux Affected 4.18 and later Fixed in 5.10.259, 5.15.198, 6.1.160, 6.6.120, 6.12.34, 6.15.3, 6.16 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*4.18 to before 6.12.34; 6.13 to before 6.15.3VulnerableLinux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 4.18 to before 6.12.34; 6.13 to before 6.15.3 Vulnerable ·Linux

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.10.259, 5.15.198, 6.1.160, 6.6.120, 6.12.34, 6.15.3, 6.16

Red Hat 14 advisories

  • RHSA-2026:5821 Released 2026-03-25 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.187.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.187.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.187.1.el8_4 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.187.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.187.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.187.1.el8_4 +14
  • RHSA-2026:5813 Released 2026-03-25 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-284.161.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-284.161.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-284.161.1.el9_2 +10
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool-7.0.0-284.161.1.el9_2, kernel-5.14.0-284.161.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-5.14.0-284.161.1.el9_2 +29
  • RHSA-2026:5690 Released 2026-03-25 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.161.1.rt14.446.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.161.1.rt14.446.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.161.1.rt14.446.el9_2 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.161.1.rt14.446.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.161.1.rt14.446.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.161.1.rt14.446.el9_2 +11
Show 11 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2026:4444 Released 2026-03-12 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) bpftool-4.18.0-193.189.1.el8_2, kernel-4.18.0-193.189.1.el8_2, kernel-abi-whitelists-4.18.0-193.189.1.el8_2 +14
  • RHSA-2026:4246 Released 2026-03-11 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4, libperf-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) bpftool-7.3.0-427.114.1.el9_4, kernel-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4 +29
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.114.1.el9_4 +11
  • RHSA-2026:4243 Released 2026-03-11 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.183.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.183.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.183.1.el8_6 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.183.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.183.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.183.1.el8_6 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.183.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.183.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.183.1.el8_6 +14
  • RHSA-2026:4242 Released 2026-03-11 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.132.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.132.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.132.1.el8_8 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.132.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.132.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.132.1.el8_8 +14
  • RHSA-2026:4245 Released 2026-03-11 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.169.1.el9_0, kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.169.1.el9_0, kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.169.1.el9_0 +5
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) bpftool-5.14.0-70.169.1.el9_0, kernel-5.14.0-70.169.1.el9_0, kernel-abi-stablelists-5.14.0-70.169.1.el9_0 +14
  • RHSA-2026:4244 Released 2026-03-11 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.169.1.rt21.241.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.169.1.rt21.241.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.169.1.rt21.241.el9_0 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.169.1.rt21.241.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.169.1.rt21.241.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.169.1.rt21.241.el9_0 +7
  • RHSA-2026:4111 Released 2026-03-09 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-64k-debug-devel-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-devel-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-core-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-tools-libs-devel-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0, libperf-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-core-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-core-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-debug-6.12.0-55.63.1.el10_0 +11
  • RHSA-2026:4011 Released 2026-03-09 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6, libperf-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) kernel-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-core-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-570.96.1.el9_6 +11
  • RHSA-2026:3110 Released 2026-02-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10 +7
  • RHSA-2026:3083 Released 2026-02-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bpftool-4.18.0-553.107.1.el8_10, kernel-4.18.0-553.107.1.el8_10, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-553.107.1.el8_10 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-553.107.1.el8_10
  • RHSA-2026:3066 Released 2026-02-23 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) kernel-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7, kernel-64k-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7, kernel-64k-core-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7, libperf-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-611.35.1.el9_7 +9

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:4246
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:4011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:3066
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:4245
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:5813
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:4111
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:4246
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:4011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:3083
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:3066
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:4444
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:5821
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:4243
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:4243
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2026:4242
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:4245
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:5813
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:4111
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:4246
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:4011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:5821
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:4243
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2026:4242
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:3083
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:3066
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:4111
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:3110
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:4244
Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:3110
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:3066
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:4244
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:5690
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:4111
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:4246
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:4011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:3066
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:5690
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:4111
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:4246
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:4011
Not affected: 2 products
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-38129
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-98jq-f2h2-hqf4

References

  • TI-2025-26358 tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-38352 netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2013-05264 The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2022-00125 Integer overflow in kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2013-01864 The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2021-05514 Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.3
See all 15278 →

Sources