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TI-2025-25587 Aliases CVE-2025-38248GHSA-2838-84rj-32xc

bridge: mcast: Fix use-after-free during router port configuration

Priority LOW 36CWE-416Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Local
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 32 fixed, 2 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-416 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bridge: mcast: Fix use-after-free during router port configuration The bridge maintains a global list of ports behind which a multicast router resides. The list is consulted during forwarding to ensure multicast packets are forwarded to these ports even if the ports are not member in the matching MDB entry. When per-VLAN multicast snooping is enabled, the per-port multicast context is disabled on each port and the port is removed from the global router port list: # ip link add name br1 up type bridge vlan_filtering 1 mcast_snooping 1 # ip link add name dummy1 up master br1 type dummy # ip link set dev dummy1 type bridge_slave mcast_router 2 $ bridge -d mdb show | grep router router ports on br1: dummy1 # ip link set dev br1 type bridge mcast_vlan_snooping 1 $ bridge -d mdb show | grep router However, the port can be re-added to the global list even when per-VLAN multicast snooping is enabled: # ip link set dev dummy1 type bridge_slave mcast_router 0 # ip link set dev dummy1 type bridge_slave mcast_router 2 $ bridge -d mdb show | grep router router ports on br1: dummy1 Since commit 4b30ae9adb04 ("net: bridge: mcast: re-implement br_multicast_{enable, disable}_port functions"), when per-VLAN multicast snooping is enabled, multicast disablement on a port will disable the per-{port, VLAN} multicast contexts and not the per-port one. As a result, a port will remain in the global router port list even after it is deleted. This will lead to a use-after-free [1] when the list is traversed (when adding a new port to the list, for example): # ip link del dev dummy1 # ip link add name dummy2 up master br1 type dummy # ip link set dev dummy2 type bridge_slave mcast_router 2 Similarly, stale entries can also be found in the per-VLAN router port list. When per-VLAN multicast snooping is disabled, the per-{port, VLAN} contexts are disabled on each port and the port is removed from the per-VLAN router port list: # ip link add name br1 up type bridge vlan_filtering 1 mcast_snooping 1 mcast_vlan_snooping 1 # ip link add name dummy1 up master br1 type dummy # bridge vlan add vid 2 dev dummy1 # bridge vlan global set vid 2 dev br1 mcast_snooping 1 # bridge vlan set vid 2 dev dummy1 mcast_router 2 $ bridge vlan global show dev br1 vid 2 | grep router router ports: dummy1 # ip link set dev br1 type bridge mcast_vlan_snooping 0 $ bridge vlan global show dev br1 vid 2 | grep router However, the port can be re-added to the per-VLAN list even when per-VLAN multicast snooping is disabled: # bridge vlan set vid 2 dev dummy1 mcast_router 0 # bridge vlan set vid 2 dev dummy1 mcast_router 2 $ bridge vlan global show dev br1 vid 2 | grep router router ports: dummy1 When the VLAN is deleted from the port, the per-{port, VLAN} multicast context will not be disabled since multicast snooping is not enabled on the VLAN. As a result, the port will remain in the per-VLAN router port list even after it is no longer member in the VLAN. This will lead to a use-after-free [2] when the list is traversed (when adding a new port to the list, for example): # ip link add name dummy2 up master br1 type dummy # bridge vlan add vid 2 dev dummy2 # bridge vlan del vid 2 dev dummy1 # bridge vlan set vid 2 dev dummy2 mcast_router 2 Fix these issues by removing the port from the relevant (global or per-VLAN) router port list in br_multicast_port_ctx_deinit(). The function is invoked during port deletion with the per-port multicast context and during VLAN deletion with the per-{port, VLAN} multicast context. Note that deleting the multicast router timer is not enough as it only takes care of the temporary multicast router states (1 or 3) and not the permanent one (2). [1] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in br_multicast_add_router.part.0+0x3f1/0x560 Write of size 8 at addr ffff888004a67328 by task ip/384 [...] Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack ---truncated---

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.003 22nd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Linux (Linux): 5.15.224, 6.1.191, 6.6.122 +3Red Hat: 11 advisoriesRed Hat: 32 fixed, 2 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
LinuxLinux5.15 and later5.15.224, 6.1.191, 6.6.122, 6.12.67, 6.15.5, 6.16Patch availableCNA
  • Linux VendorLinux Affected 5.15 and later Fixed in 5.15.224, 6.1.191, 6.6.122, 6.12.67, 6.15.5, 6.16 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 4

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*5.15 to before 6.15.5VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc1VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc2VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc3VulnerableLinux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 5.15 to before 6.15.5 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc1 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc2 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc3 Vulnerable ·Linux

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.15.224, 6.1.191, 6.6.122, 6.12.67, 6.15.5, 6.16

Red Hat 11 advisories

  • RHSA-2026:9644 Released 2026-04-22 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-284.166.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-284.166.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-284.166.1.el9_2 +10
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool-7.0.0-284.166.1.el9_2, kernel-5.14.0-284.166.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-5.14.0-284.166.1.el9_2 +29
  • RHSA-2026:9512 Released 2026-04-22 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.166.1.rt14.451.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.166.1.rt14.451.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.166.1.rt14.451.el9_2 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.166.1.rt14.451.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.166.1.rt14.451.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.166.1.rt14.451.el9_2 +11
  • RHSA-2026:7100 Released 2026-04-08 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.173.1.rt21.245.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.173.1.rt21.245.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.173.1.rt21.245.el9_0 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.173.1.rt21.245.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.173.1.rt21.245.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.173.1.rt21.245.el9_0 +7
Show 8 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2026:7013 Released 2026-04-08 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.173.1.el9_0, kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.173.1.el9_0, kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.173.1.el9_0 +5
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) bpftool-5.14.0-70.173.1.el9_0, kernel-5.14.0-70.173.1.el9_0, kernel-abi-stablelists-5.14.0-70.173.1.el9_0 +14
  • RHSA-2026:6961 Released 2026-04-08 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.187.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.187.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.187.1.el8_6 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.187.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.187.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.187.1.el8_6 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.187.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.187.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.187.1.el8_6 +14
  • RHSA-2026:6954 Released 2026-04-08 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.135.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.135.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.135.1.el8_8 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.135.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.135.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.135.1.el8_8 +14
  • RHSA-2026:6193 Released 2026-03-30 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-64k-debug-devel-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-devel-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-core-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-tools-libs-devel-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0, libperf-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-core-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-core-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-debug-6.12.0-55.65.1.el10_0 +11
  • RHSA-2026:5692 Released 2026-03-25 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4, libperf-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) bpftool-7.3.0-427.116.1.el9_4, kernel-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4 +29
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.116.1.el9_4 +11
  • RHSA-2026:5197 Released 2026-03-23 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6, libperf-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) kernel-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-core-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-570.100.1.el9_6 +11
  • RHSA-2026:3110 Released 2026-02-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.107.1.rt7.448.el8_10 +7
  • RHSA-2026:3083 Released 2026-02-23 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bpftool-4.18.0-553.107.1.el8_10, kernel-4.18.0-553.107.1.el8_10, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-553.107.1.el8_10 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-553.107.1.el8_10

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:5692
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:5197
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:7013
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:9644
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:6193
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:5692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:5197
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:3083
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:6961
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:6961
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2026:6954
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:7013
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:9644
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:6193
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:5692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:5197
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:6961
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2026:6954
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:3083
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:6193
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:3110
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:7100
Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:3110
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:7100
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:9512
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:6193
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:5692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:5197
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:9512
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:6193
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:5692
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:5197
Not affected: 2 products
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-38248
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-2838-84rj-32xc
  3. 2026-10-30 Fix available: Linux/[email protected], Linux/Linux@5df2d582f6e8a81e7ab066464845b38b2fb04094, Linux/[email protected] +1 · CNA
  4. 2026-10-30 2 new references · CNA

References

  • TI-2025-26358 tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-38352 netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2013-05264 The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2022-00125 Integer overflow in kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2013-01864 The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2021-05514 Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.3
See all 15278 →

Sources