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TI-2025-25787 Aliases CVE-2025-38449GHSA-p8xh-x6wj-7w7g

drm/gem: Acquire references on GEM handles for framebuffers

Priority LOW 35CWE-416Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Local
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 35 fixed, 3 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-416 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/gem: Acquire references on GEM handles for framebuffers A GEM handle can be released while the GEM buffer object is attached to a DRM framebuffer. This leads to the release of the dma-buf backing the buffer object, if any. [1] Trying to use the framebuffer in further mode-setting operations leads to a segmentation fault. Most easily happens with driver that use shadow planes for vmap-ing the dma-buf during a page flip. An example is shown below. [ 156.791968] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 156.796830] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 2255 at drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c:1527 dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [...] [ 156.942028] RIP: 0010:dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [ 157.043420] Call Trace: [ 157.045898] <TASK> [ 157.048030] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1af/0x2c0 [ 157.052436] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1af/0x2c0 [ 157.056836] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1af/0x2c0 [ 157.061253] ? drm_gem_shmem_vmap+0x74/0x710 [ 157.065567] ? dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [ 157.069446] ? __warn.cold+0x58/0xe4 [ 157.073061] ? dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [ 157.077111] ? report_bug+0x1dd/0x390 [ 157.080842] ? handle_bug+0x5e/0xa0 [ 157.084389] ? exc_invalid_op+0x14/0x50 [ 157.088291] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20 [ 157.092548] ? dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430 [ 157.096663] ? dma_resv_get_singleton+0x6d/0x230 [ 157.101341] ? __pfx_dma_buf_vmap+0x10/0x10 [ 157.105588] ? __pfx_dma_resv_get_singleton+0x10/0x10 [ 157.110697] drm_gem_shmem_vmap+0x74/0x710 [ 157.114866] drm_gem_vmap+0xa9/0x1b0 [ 157.118763] drm_gem_vmap_unlocked+0x46/0xa0 [ 157.123086] drm_gem_fb_vmap+0xab/0x300 [ 157.126979] drm_atomic_helper_prepare_planes.part.0+0x487/0xb10 [ 157.133032] ? lockdep_init_map_type+0x19d/0x880 [ 157.137701] drm_atomic_helper_commit+0x13d/0x2e0 [ 157.142671] ? drm_atomic_nonblocking_commit+0xa0/0x180 [ 157.147988] drm_mode_atomic_ioctl+0x766/0xe40 [...] [ 157.346424] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- Acquiring GEM handles for the framebuffer's GEM buffer objects prevents this from happening. The framebuffer's cleanup later puts the handle references. Commit 1a148af06000 ("drm/gem-shmem: Use dma_buf from GEM object instance") triggers the segmentation fault easily by using the dma-buf field more widely. The underlying issue with reference counting has been present before. v2: - acquire the handle instead of the BO (Christian) - fix comment style (Christian) - drop the Fixes tag (Christian) - rename err_ gotos - add missing Link tag

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00188 8th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Linux (Linux): 6.6.99, 6.12.39, 6.15.7 +1Red Hat: 13 advisoriesRed Hat: 35 fixed, 3 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
LinuxLinux3.12 and later6.6.99, 6.12.39, 6.15.7, 6.16Patch availableCNA
  • Linux VendorLinux Affected 3.12 and later Fixed in 6.6.99, 6.12.39, 6.15.7, 6.16 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 5

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 6.6.99; 6.7 to before 6.12.39; 6.13 to before 6.15.7VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc1VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc2VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc3VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc4VulnerableLinux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 6.6.99; 6.7 to before 6.12.39; 6.13 to before 6.15.7 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc1 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc2 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc3 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc4 Vulnerable ·Linux

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 6.6.99, 6.12.39, 6.15.7, 6.16

Red Hat 13 advisories

  • RHSA-2025:22752 Released 2025-12-04 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.179.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.179.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.179.1.el8_4 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.179.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.179.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.179.1.el8_4 +14
  • RHSA-2025:21667 Released 2025-11-18 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) bpftool-4.18.0-193.173.1.el8_2, kernel-4.18.0-193.173.1.el8_2, kernel-abi-whitelists-4.18.0-193.173.1.el8_2 +14
  • RHSA-2025:18043 Released 2025-10-15 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6 +14
Show 10 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2025:17570 Released 2025-10-08 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.114.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.114.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.114.1.el8_8 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.114.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.114.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.114.1.el8_8 +14
  • RHSA-2025:17241 Released 2025-10-02 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, libperf-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) bpftool-7.3.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4 +29
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4 +11
  • RHSA-2025:17192 Released 2025-10-01 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.148.1.rt21.220.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.148.1.rt21.220.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.148.1.rt21.220.el9_0 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.148.1.rt21.220.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.148.1.rt21.220.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.148.1.rt21.220.el9_0 +7
  • RHSA-2025:17159 Released 2025-10-01 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.148.1.el9_0, kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.148.1.el9_0, kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.148.1.el9_0 +5
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) bpftool-5.14.0-70.148.1.el9_0, kernel-5.14.0-70.148.1.el9_0, kernel-abi-stablelists-5.14.0-70.148.1.el9_0 +14
  • RHSA-2025:17122 Released 2025-10-01 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-284.140.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-284.140.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-284.140.1.el9_2 +10
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool-7.0.0-284.140.1.el9_2, kernel-5.14.0-284.140.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-5.14.0-284.140.1.el9_2 +29
  • RHSA-2025:17123 Released 2025-10-01 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.140.1.rt14.425.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.140.1.rt14.425.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.140.1.rt14.425.el9_2 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.140.1.rt14.425.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.140.1.rt14.425.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.140.1.rt14.425.el9_2 +11
  • RHSA-2025:15785 Released 2025-09-15 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bpftool-4.18.0-553.75.1.el8_10, kernel-4.18.0-553.75.1.el8_10, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-553.75.1.el8_10 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-553.75.1.el8_10
  • RHSA-2025:15786 Released 2025-09-15 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.75.1.rt7.416.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.75.1.rt7.416.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.75.1.rt7.416.el8_10 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.75.1.rt7.416.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.75.1.rt7.416.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.75.1.rt7.416.el8_10 +7
  • RHSA-2025:15661 Released 2025-09-11 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) kernel-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6, kernel-64k-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6, kernel-64k-core-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6, libperf-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6 +11
  • RHSA-2025:15447 Released 2025-09-08 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) kernel-64k-debug-devel-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-devel-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) kernel-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-core-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10) kernel-tools-libs-devel-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0, libperf-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 10) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-core-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 10) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-core-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-debug-6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0 +11

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6AffectedNo fix planned: Out of support scope
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7AffectedNo fix planned: Out of support scope
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15447
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15661
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:17159
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:17122
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15447
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2025:15785
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15661
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:21667
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:22752
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2025:18043
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2025:18043
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2025:17570
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:17159
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:17122
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:22752
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2025:18043
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8)Fixed RHSA-2025:17570
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2025:15785
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15447
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15661
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2025:15786
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:17192
Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2025:15786
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15447
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15661
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0)Fixed RHSA-2025:17192
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:17123
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15447
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15661
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2025:17123
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Not affected: 1 product
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-38449
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-p8xh-x6wj-7w7g
  3. 2026-10-16 CISA SSVC decision points changed

References

Patch 4

  • TI-2025-26358 tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-38352 netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2013-05264 The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2022-00125 Integer overflow in kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2013-01864 The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2021-05514 Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.3
See all 15278 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences