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TI-2025-25838 Aliases CVE-2025-38500GHSA-7qhg-wpc6-3ff5

xfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface

Priority LOW 35CWE-416Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Local
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 15 fixed, 1 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-416 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface collect_md property on xfrm interfaces can only be set on device creation, thus xfrmi_changelink() should fail when called on such interfaces. The check to enforce this was done only in the case where the xi was returned from xfrmi_locate() which doesn't look for the collect_md interface, and thus the validation was never reached. Calling changelink would thus errornously place the special interface xi in the xfrmi_net->xfrmi hash, but since it also exists in the xfrmi_net->collect_md_xfrmi pointer it would lead to a double free when the net namespace was taken down [1]. Change the check to use the xi from netdev_priv which is available earlier in the function to prevent changes in xfrm collect_md interfaces. [1] resulting oops: [ 8.516540] kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12029! [ 8.516552] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI [ 8.516559] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 12 Comm: kworker/u80:0 Not tainted 6.15.0-virtme #5 PREEMPT(voluntary) [ 8.516565] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 [ 8.516569] Workqueue: netns cleanup_net [ 8.516579] RIP: 0010:unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x101/0xab0 [ 8.516590] Code: 90 0f 0b 90 48 8b b0 78 01 00 00 48 8b 90 80 01 00 00 48 89 56 08 48 89 32 4c 89 80 78 01 00 00 48 89 b8 80 01 00 00 eb ac 90 <0f> 0b 48 8b 45 00 4c 8d a0 88 fe ff ff 48 39 c5 74 5c 41 80 bc 24 [ 8.516593] RSP: 0018:ffffa93b8006bd30 EFLAGS: 00010206 [ 8.516598] RAX: ffff98fe4226e000 RBX: ffffa93b8006bd58 RCX: ffffa93b8006bc60 [ 8.516601] RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: dead000000000122 [ 8.516603] RBP: ffffa93b8006bdd8 R08: dead000000000100 R09: ffff98fe4133c100 [ 8.516605] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 00000000000003d2 R12: ffffa93b8006be00 [ 8.516608] R13: ffffffff96c1a510 R14: ffffffff96c1a510 R15: ffffa93b8006be00 [ 8.516615] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff98fee73b7000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 8.516619] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 8.516622] CR2: 00007fcd2abd0700 CR3: 000000003aa40000 CR4: 0000000000752ef0 [ 8.516625] PKRU: 55555554 [ 8.516627] Call Trace: [ 8.516632] <TASK> [ 8.516635] ? rtnl_is_locked+0x15/0x20 [ 8.516641] ? unregister_netdevice_queue+0x29/0xf0 [ 8.516650] ops_undo_list+0x1f2/0x220 [ 8.516659] cleanup_net+0x1ad/0x2e0 [ 8.516664] process_one_work+0x160/0x380 [ 8.516673] worker_thread+0x2aa/0x3c0 [ 8.516679] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516686] kthread+0xfb/0x200 [ 8.516690] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516693] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516697] ret_from_fork+0x82/0xf0 [ 8.516705] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516709] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [ 8.516718] </TASK>

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00169 6th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Linux (Linux): 6.1.148, 6.6.101, 6.12.41 +2Red Hat: 3 advisoriesRed Hat: 15 fixed, 1 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
LinuxLinux6.1 and later6.1.148, 6.6.101, 6.12.41, 6.15.9, 6.16Patch availableCNA
  • Linux VendorLinux Affected 6.1 and later Fixed in 6.1.148, 6.6.101, 6.12.41, 6.15.9, 6.16 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 9

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*6.1 to before 6.1.148; 6.2 to before 6.6.101; 6.7 to before 6.12.41; 6.13 to before 6.15.9VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc1VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc2VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc3VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc4VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc5VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc6VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*6.16 rc7VulnerableLinux
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*11.0VulnerableDebian
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.1 to before 6.1.148; 6.2 to before 6.6.101; 6.7 to before 6.12.41; 6.13 to before 6.15.9 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc1 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc2 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc3 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc4 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc5 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc6 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 6.16 rc7 Vulnerable ·Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 11.0 Vulnerable ·Debian

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 6.1.148, 6.6.101, 6.12.41, 6.15.9, 6.16

Red Hat 3 advisories

  • RHSA-2025:17241 Released 2025-10-02 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, libperf-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) bpftool-7.3.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4 +29
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4 +11
  • RHSA-2025:15782 Released 2025-09-15 · Red Hat rating Moderate
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) kernel-64k-debug-devel-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-devel-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) kernel-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-core-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10) kernel-tools-libs-devel-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0, libperf-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 10) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-core-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 10) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-core-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-debug-6.12.0-55.33.1.el10_0 +11
  • RHSA-2025:15011 Released 2025-09-02 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) kernel-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-core-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6, libperf-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 +11

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15782
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15782
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15782
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15782
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2025:15782
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2025:15011
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2025:17241
Not affected: 3 products
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-38500
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-7qhg-wpc6-3ff5

References

  • TI-2025-26358 tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-38352 netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2013-05264 The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2022-00125 Integer overflow in kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2013-01864 The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2021-05514 Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.3
See all 15278 →

Sources