tcp: Don't call reqsk_fastopen_remove() in tcp_conn_request().
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- High
- Impact type
- —
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · High
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 30 fixed, 3 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat.
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tcp: Don't call reqsk_fastopen_remove() in tcp_conn_request(). syzbot reported the splat below in tcp_conn_request(). [0] If a listener is close()d while a TFO socket is being processed in tcp_conn_request(), inet_csk_reqsk_queue_add() does not set reqsk->sk and calls inet_child_forget(), which calls tcp_disconnect() for the TFO socket. After the cited commit, tcp_disconnect() calls reqsk_fastopen_remove(), where reqsk_put() is called due to !reqsk->sk. Then, reqsk_fastopen_remove() in tcp_conn_request() decrements the last req->rsk_refcnt and frees reqsk, and __reqsk_free() at the drop_and_free label causes the refcount underflow for the listener and double-free of the reqsk. Let's remove reqsk_fastopen_remove() in tcp_conn_request(). Note that other callers make sure tp->fastopen_rsk is not NULL. [0]: refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 12 PID: 5563 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate (lib/refcount.c:28) Modules linked in: CPU: 12 UID: 0 PID: 5563 Comm: syz-executor Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate (lib/refcount.c:28) Code: ab e8 8e b4 98 ff 0f 0b c3 cc cc cc cc cc 80 3d a4 e4 d6 01 00 75 9c c6 05 9b e4 d6 01 01 48 c7 c7 e8 df fb ab e8 6a b4 98 ff <0f> 0b e9 03 5b 76 00 cc 80 3d 7d e4 d6 01 00 0f 85 74 ff ff ff c6 RSP: 0018:ffffa79fc0304a98 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: d83af4db1c6b3900 RBX: ffff9f65c7a69020 RCX: d83af4db1c6b3900 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000ffff7fff RDI: ffffffffac78a280 RBP: 000000009d781b60 R08: 0000000000007fff R09: ffffffffac6ca280 R10: 0000000000017ffd R11: 0000000000000004 R12: ffff9f65c7b4f100 R13: ffff9f65c7d23c00 R14: ffff9f65c7d26000 R15: ffff9f65c7a64ef8 FS: 00007f9f962176c0(0000) GS:ffff9f65fcf00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000200000000180 CR3: 000000000dbbe006 CR4: 0000000000372ef0 Call Trace: <IRQ> tcp_conn_request (./include/linux/refcount.h:400 ./include/linux/refcount.h:432 ./include/linux/refcount.h:450 ./include/net/sock.h:1965 ./include/net/request_sock.h:131 net/ipv4/tcp_input.c:7301) tcp_rcv_state_process (net/ipv4/tcp_input.c:6708) tcp_v6_do_rcv (net/ipv6/tcp_ipv6.c:1670) tcp_v6_rcv (net/ipv6/tcp_ipv6.c:1906) ip6_protocol_deliver_rcu (net/ipv6/ip6_input.c:438) ip6_input (net/ipv6/ip6_input.c:500) ipv6_rcv (net/ipv6/ip6_input.c:311) __netif_receive_skb (net/core/dev.c:6104) process_backlog (net/core/dev.c:6456) __napi_poll (net/core/dev.c:7506) net_rx_action (net/core/dev.c:7569 net/core/dev.c:7696) handle_softirqs (kernel/softirq.c:579) do_softirq (kernel/softirq.c:480) </IRQ>
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | 5.4.300 to before 5.4.301; 5.10.245 to before 5.10.246; 5.15.194 to before 5.15.195; 6.1.154 to before 6.1.157; 6.6.108 to before 6.6.113; 6.12.49 to before 6.12.54; 6.16.9 to before 6.17 | 5.4.301, 5.10.246, 5.15.195, 6.1.157, 6.6.113, 6.12.54, 6.17 | Patch available | CNA |
| Linux | Linux | 6.17 and later | 5.4.301, 5.10.246, 5.15.195, 6.1.157, 6.6.113, 6.12.54, 6.17.4, 6.18 | Patch available | CNA |
- Linux VendorLinux Affected 5.4.300 to before 5.4.301; 5.10.245 to before 5.10.246; 5.15.194 to before 5.15.195; 6.1.154 to before 6.1.157; 6.6.108 to before 6.6.113; 6.12.49 to before 6.12.54; 6.16.9 to before 6.17 Fixed in 5.4.301, 5.10.246, 5.15.195, 6.1.157, 6.6.113, 6.12.54, 6.17 Patch available CNA
- Linux VendorLinux Affected 6.17 and later Fixed in 5.4.301, 5.10.246, 5.15.195, 6.1.157, 6.6.113, 6.12.54, 6.17.4, 6.18 Patch available CNA
Remediation
- Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.4.301, 5.10.246, 5.15.195, 6.1.157, 6.6.113, 6.12.54, 6.17
- Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.4.301, 5.10.246, 5.15.195, 6.1.157, 6.6.113, 6.12.54, 6.17.4, 6.18
Red Hat 12 advisories
- RHSA-2025:23450 Released 2025-12-17 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4, libperf-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4 +11
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) bpftool-7.3.0-427.103.1.el9_4, kernel-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4 +29
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4 +9
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.103.1.el9_4 +11
- RHSA-2025:23463 Released 2025-12-17 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.182.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.182.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.182.1.el8_4 +14
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) bpftool-4.18.0-305.182.1.el8_4, kernel-4.18.0-305.182.1.el8_4, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-305.182.1.el8_4 +14
- RHSA-2025:23445 Released 2025-12-17 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) bpftool-4.18.0-193.178.1.el8_2, kernel-4.18.0-193.178.1.el8_2, kernel-abi-whitelists-4.18.0-193.178.1.el8_2 +14
Show 9 more Red Hat advisories
- RHSA-2025:23423 Released 2025-12-17 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-284.150.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-284.150.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-284.150.1.el9_2 +10
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool-7.0.0-284.150.1.el9_2, kernel-5.14.0-284.150.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-5.14.0-284.150.1.el9_2 +29
- RHSA-2025:23425 Released 2025-12-17 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.173.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.173.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.173.1.el8_6 +14
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.173.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.173.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.173.1.el8_6 +19
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.173.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.173.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.173.1.el8_6 +14
- RHSA-2025:23426 Released 2025-12-17 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.158.1.el9_0, kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.158.1.el9_0, kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.158.1.el9_0 +5
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) bpftool-5.14.0-70.158.1.el9_0, kernel-5.14.0-70.158.1.el9_0, kernel-abi-stablelists-5.14.0-70.158.1.el9_0 +14
- RHSA-2025:23427 Released 2025-12-17 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.123.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.123.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.123.1.el8_8 +14
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) bpftool-4.18.0-477.123.1.el8_8, kernel-4.18.0-477.123.1.el8_8, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-477.123.1.el8_8 +14
- RHSA-2025:23422 Released 2025-12-17 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel-rt security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.150.1.rt14.435.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.150.1.rt14.435.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.150.1.rt14.435.el9_2 +9
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.150.1.rt14.435.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.150.1.rt14.435.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.150.1.rt14.435.el9_2 +11
- RHSA-2025:23424 Released 2025-12-17 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel-rt security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.158.1.rt21.230.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.158.1.rt21.230.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.158.1.rt21.230.el9_0 +9
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0) kernel-rt-5.14.0-70.158.1.rt21.230.el9_0, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-70.158.1.rt21.230.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-70.158.1.rt21.230.el9_0 +7
- RHSA-2025:22392 Released 2025-12-01 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6, libperf-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6 +12
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) kernel-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-core-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6 +28
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6 +21
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-570.69.1.el9_6 +11
- RHSA-2025:22388 Released 2025-12-01 · Red Hat rating Moderatekernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bpftool-4.18.0-553.87.1.el8_10, kernel-4.18.0-553.87.1.el8_10, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-553.87.1.el8_10 +19
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-553.87.1.el8_10
- RHSA-2025:22387 Released 2025-12-01 · Red Hat rating Moderatekernel-rt security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.87.1.rt7.428.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.87.1.rt7.428.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.87.1.rt7.428.el8_10 +9
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.87.1.rt7.428.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.87.1.rt7.428.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.87.1.rt7.428.el8_10 +7
Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Important. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23450 |
| Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:22392 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23426 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23423 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23450 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:22392 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:22388 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23445 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23463 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23425 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23425 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23427 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23426 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23423 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23450 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:22392 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23463 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23425 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23427 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:22388 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:22387 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23424 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:22387 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23424 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23422 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23450 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:22392 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23422 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:23450 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2025:22392 |
Not affected: 2 products
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-40186
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-qx52-pj36-489j
- 2026-10-16 CISA SSVC decision points changed
References
Other 8
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e359b742eac1eac75cff4e38ee2e8cea492acd9b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff6a8883f96a5bc74241ce5b3d431a6dcfa2124d
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb85ad5f23268d64b037bfb545cbcba3752f90c7
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/643a94b0cf767325e953591c212be2eb826b9d7f
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/422c1c173c39bbbae1e0eaaf8aefe40b2596233b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c11ace909e873118295e9eb22dc8c58b0b50eb32
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64dc47a13aa3d9daf7cec29b44dca8e22a6aea15
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2e7cbbbe3d61c63606994b7ff73c72537afe2e1c
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Sources
- CVE-2025-40186 · CVE Program
- CVE-2025-40186 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-qx52-pj36-489j · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2025-40186 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences