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TI-2025-28221 Aliases CVE-2025-43520GHSA-c46j-8p94-c85x

Buffer overflow in Apple iOS and iPadOS

Priority HIGH 84Exploited in the wildCWE-120Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Local
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Denial of service
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
None · None · High
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CISA ADP. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-120 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. A malicious application may be able to cause unexpected system termination or write kernel memory.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Active In CISA KEV since 2026-03-20CISA due date 2026-04-03
EPSS 0.00425 37th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed iOS and iPadOS (Apple): 18.7.2, 26.1macOS (Apple): 14.8.2, 15.7.2, 26.1+3 more products

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
Active
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
AppleiOS and iPadOSbefore 18.7.2; before 26.118.7.2, 26.1Patch availableCNA
ApplemacOSbefore 14.8.2; before 15.7.2; before 26.114.8.2, 15.7.2, 26.1Patch availableCNA
AppletvOSbefore 26.126.1Patch availableCNA
ApplevisionOSbefore 26.126.1Patch availableCNA
ApplewatchOSbefore 26.126.1Patch availableCNA
  • iOS and iPadOS VendorApple Affected before 18.7.2; before 26.1 Fixed in 18.7.2, 26.1 Patch available CNA
  • macOS VendorApple Affected before 14.8.2; before 15.7.2; before 26.1 Fixed in 14.8.2, 15.7.2, 26.1 Patch available CNA
  • tvOS VendorApple Affected before 26.1 Fixed in 26.1 Patch available CNA
  • visionOS VendorApple Affected before 26.1 Fixed in 26.1 Patch available CNA
  • watchOS VendorApple Affected before 26.1 Fixed in 26.1 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 9

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 18.7.2VulnerableApple
cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:26.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*26.0VulnerableApple
cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 18.7.2VulnerableApple
cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:26.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*26.0VulnerableApple
cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*14.0 to before 14.8.2; 15.0 to before 15.7.2VulnerableApple
cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:26.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*26.0VulnerableApple
cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 26.1VulnerableApple
cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 26.1VulnerableApple
cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 26.1VulnerableApple
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 18.7.2 Vulnerable ·Apple
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:26.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 26.0 Vulnerable ·Apple
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 18.7.2 Vulnerable ·Apple
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:26.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 26.0 Vulnerable ·Apple
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 14.0 to before 14.8.2; 15.0 to before 15.7.2 Vulnerable ·Apple
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:26.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 26.0 Vulnerable ·Apple
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 26.1 Vulnerable ·Apple
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 26.1 Vulnerable ·Apple
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 26.1 Vulnerable ·Apple

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA iOS and iPadOS (Apple) Fixed in 18.7.2, 26.1
  • Fix · CNA macOS (Apple) Fixed in 14.8.2, 15.7.2, 26.1
  • Fix · CNA tvOS (Apple) Fixed in 26.1
  • Fix · CNA visionOS (Apple) Fixed in 26.1
  • Fix · CNA watchOS (Apple) Fixed in 26.1

Fixed in the same release

Records fixed by the same vendor advisory or release, as the CNA lists them.

  • Release ·

    Apple iOS and iPadOS, macOS and 2 more products 14.8.2, 15.7.2 and 2 more versions

    3 records Highest priority Priority CRITICAL 1 CRITICAL, 1 HIGH, 1 LOW

    Other records, highest priority first

    • TI-2025-28211 Apple iOS and iPadOS: A malicious application may cause unexpected changes in memory…Priority CRITICAL 93
    • TI-2025-28195 Improper input validation in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority LOW 36
    Show all 3 records →
  • Release ·

    Apple tvOS 26.1

    2 records Highest priority Priority CRITICAL 1 CRITICAL, 1 HIGH

    Other records, highest priority first

    • TI-2025-28211 Apple iOS and iPadOS: A malicious application may cause unexpected changes in memory…Priority CRITICAL 93
    Show all 2 records →

Timeline

  1. 2026-03-20 Added to CISA KEV
  2. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-43520
  3. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-c46j-8p94-c85x

References

Advisory 8

  • TI-2025-28008 Out-of-bounds write in Apple iOS and iPadOS KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2025-22441 Apple iOS and iPadOS: An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to… KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2025-22440 Memory corruption in Apple iOS and iPadOS KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2025-17951 Out-of-bounds write in Apple Safari KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2025-17847 Use after free in Apple iOS and iPadOS KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2022-06854 Out-of-bounds write in Apple iOS and iPadOS KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
See all 2382 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences