OpenPGP.js's message signature verification can be spoofed
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Attack requirements
- None
- Impact type
- Security bypass
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- None · High · None
- Fix status
- Fixed
Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and GitHub. Impact type from CWE-347.
Summary
OpenPGP.js is a JavaScript implementation of the OpenPGP protocol. Startinf in version 5.0.1 and prior to versions 5.11.3 and 6.1.1, a maliciously modified message can be passed to either `openpgp.verify` or `openpgp.decrypt`, causing these functions to return a valid signature verification result while returning data that was not actually signed. This flaw allows signature verifications of inline (non-detached) signed messages (using `openpgp.verify`) and signed-and-encrypted messages (using `openpgp.decrypt` with `verificationKeys`) to be spoofed, since both functions return extracted data that may not match the data that was originally signed. Detached signature verifications are not affected, as no signed data is returned in that case. In order to spoof a message, the attacker needs a single valid message signature (inline or detached) as well as the plaintext data that was legitimately signed, and can then construct an inline-signed message or signed-and-encrypted message with any data of the attacker's choice, which will appear as legitimately signed by affected versions of OpenPGP.js. In other words, any inline-signed message can be modified to return any other data (while still indicating that the signature was valid), and the same is true for signed+encrypted messages if the attacker can obtain a valid signature and encrypt a new message (of the attacker's choice) together with that signature. The issue has been patched in versions 5.11.3 and 6.1.1. Some workarounds are available. When verifying inline-signed messages, extract the message and signature(s) from the message returned by `openpgp.readMessage`, and verify the(/each) signature as a detached signature by passing the signature and a new message containing only the data (created using `openpgp.createMessage`) to `openpgp.verify`. When decrypting and verifying signed+encrypted messages, decrypt and verify the message in two steps, by first calling `openpgp.decrypt` without `verificationKeys`, and then passing the returned signature(s) and a new message containing the decrypted data (created using `openpgp.createMessage`) to `openpgp.verify`.
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- Yes
- Technical impact
- Partial
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| openpgpjs | openpgpjs | 5.0.1 to before 5.11.3; 6.0.0-alpha.0 to before 6.1.1 | 5.11.3, 6.1.1 | Patch available | CNA |
| — | openpgp (npm) | 5.0.1 to before 5.11.3 | 5.11.3 | Patch available | GHSA-8qff-qr5q-5pr8 |
| — | openpgp (npm) | 6.0.0-alpha.0 to before 6.1.1 | 6.1.1 | Patch available | GHSA-8qff-qr5q-5pr8 |
- openpgpjs Vendoropenpgpjs Affected 5.0.1 to before 5.11.3; 6.0.0-alpha.0 to before 6.1.1 Fixed in 5.11.3, 6.1.1 Patch available CNA
- openpgp (npm) Vendor— Affected 5.0.1 to before 5.11.3 Fixed in 5.11.3 Patch available GHSA-8qff-qr5q-5pr8
- openpgp (npm) Vendor— Affected 6.0.0-alpha.0 to before 6.1.1 Fixed in 6.1.1 Patch available GHSA-8qff-qr5q-5pr8
Remediation
- Fix · CNA openpgpjs (openpgpjs) Fixed in 5.11.3, 6.1.1
- Fix · GHSA-8qff-qr5q-5pr8 openpgp (npm) Fixed in 5.11.3 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-8qff-qr5q-5pr8 openpgp (npm) Fixed in 6.1.1 Advisory →
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-47934
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-8qff-qr5q-5pr8
- 2026-10-16 EPSS moved to the 50th–90th percentile
- 2026-10-18 EPSS moved to the below the 50th percentile
- 2026-10-20 EPSS moved to the 50th–90th percentile
References
Other 7
- https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/security/advisories/GHSA-8qff-qr5q-5pr8
- https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/commit/43f5f4e2bd67d0514d06acc60b6ee571a049c229
- https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/commit/bd54e8535ca29b3bef58a8c02296892e408be356
- https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/releases/tag/v5.11.3
- https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/releases/tag/v6.1.1
- https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs/commit/843a69d0adbdec0f87af09f9000a9223e6614e5c
- https://github.com/openpgpjs/openpgpjs
More openpgpjs vulnerabilities
- TI-2015-06663 s2k.js in OpenPGP.js will decrypt arbitrary messages regardless of passphrase for crafted… CVSS 3.0HIGH 7.5
- TI-2019-06617 Improper Verification of a Cryptographic Signature in OpenPGP.js <=4.1.2 allows an… CVSS 3.0HIGH 7.5
- TI-2019-06618 Improper Verification of a Cryptographic Signature in OpenPGP.js <=4.1.2 allows an… CVSS 3.0HIGH 7.5
- TI-2019-06619 A cryptographic issue in OpenPGP.js <=4.2.0 allows an attacker who is able provide forged… CVSS 3.0MEDIUM 5.9
- TI-2023-21663 Cleartext Signed Message Signature Spoofing in openpgpjs CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 4.3
Sources
- CVE-2025-47934 · CVE Program
- CVE-2025-47934 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-8qff-qr5q-5pr8 · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences