Read the docs
TI-2025-30698 Aliases CVE-2025-48372

Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks

Priority LOW 35CWE-521Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Attack requirements
None
Impact type
Security bypass
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
None · High · None
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-521.

Summary

Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.0028 20th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed Schule (schule111): 1.0.1

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
Yes
Technical impact
Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
schule111Schulebefore 1.0.11.0.1Patch availableCNA
  • Schule Vendorschule111 Affected before 1.0.1 Fixed in 1.0.1 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:schule111:schule_school_management_system:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*1.0.0Vulnerableschule111
  • cpe:2.3:a:schule111:schule_school_management_system:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.0.0 Vulnerable ·schule111

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Schule (schule111) Fixed in 1.0.1

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-48372

References

Patch 1

Advisory 1

  • TI-2025-30701 Schule Missing Rate Limiting on OTP Email Requests – Susceptible to Abuse & DoS CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 6.6
  • TI-2025-30699 Schule Has Client-Side Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Bypass Vulnerability CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 6.6

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences