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TI-2025-31613 Aliases CVE-2025-49600GHSA-r3gf-c2cf-vp8q

In MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtls_lms_verify may accept invalid signatures if hash…

Priority LOW 22CWE-325Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Physical
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High
Impact type
—
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
None · High · None
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA.

Summary

In MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtls_lms_verify may accept invalid signatures if hash computation fails and internal errors go unchecked, enabling LMS (Leighton-Micali Signature) forgery in a fault scenario. Specifically, unchecked return values in mbedtls_lms_verify allow an attacker (who can induce a hardware hash accelerator fault) to bypass LMS signature verification by reusing stale stack data, resulting in acceptance of an invalid signature. In mbedtls_lms_verify, the return values of the internal Merkle tree functions create_merkle_leaf_value and create_merkle_internal_value are not checked. These functions return an integer that indicates whether the call succeeded or not. If a failure occurs, the output buffer (Tc_candidate_root_node) may remain uninitialized, and the result of the signature verification is unpredictable. When the software implementation of SHA-256 is used, these functions will not fail. However, with hardware-accelerated hashing, an attacker could use fault injection against the accelerator to bypass verification.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00158 5th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed mbedtls (Mbed): 3.6.4

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
Mbedmbedtls3.3.0 to before 3.6.43.6.4Patch availableCNA
  • mbedtls VendorMbed Affected 3.3.0 to before 3.6.4 Fixed in 3.6.4 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:trustedfirmware:mbed_tls:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*3.3.0 to before 3.6.4VulnerableOP-TEE
  • cpe:2.3:a:trustedfirmware:mbed_tls:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 3.3.0 to before 3.6.4 Vulnerable ·OP-TEE

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA mbedtls (Mbed) Fixed in 3.6.4

Fixed in the same release

Records fixed by the same vendor advisory or release, as the CNA lists them.

  • Release ·

    Mbed mbedtls 3.6.4

    4 records Highest priority Priority HIGH 1 HIGH, 3 LOW

    Other records, highest priority first

    • TI-2025-32620 Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 has a race condition in AESNI detection if certain compiler…Priority HIGH 69
    • TI-2025-31614 Out-of-bounds read in mbedtlsPriority LOW 29
    • TI-2025-32621 Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 has a PEM parsing one-byte heap-based buffer underflow, in…Priority LOW 22
    Show all 4 records →

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat's page for this CVE →

Not affected: 1 product
  • Red Hat

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-49600
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-r3gf-c2cf-vp8q

References

Advisory 1

  • TI-2025-32620 Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 has a race condition in AESNI detection if certain compiler… CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.8
  • TI-2025-30320 Use after free in mbedtls CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2019-12830 Buffer overflows were discovered in the CoAP library in Arm Mbed OS 5.14.0. CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2019-12829 An integer overflow was discovered in the CoAP library in Arm Mbed OS 5.14.0. CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2025-31103 NULL pointer dereference in mbedtls CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2025-31614 Out-of-bounds read in mbedtls CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 6.5
See all 10 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences