Uncontrolled recursion in Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT
Priority HIGH 65CWE-674Published · Updated
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Impact type
- Denial of service
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- None · None · Low
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 1 fixed, 14 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA, GitHub and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-674.
Summary
Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT 10.0.x before 10.0.2 and 9.37.x before 9.37.4 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.
Why it matters now
Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00981 62nd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Nimbus JOSE+JWT (Connect2id): 10.0.2com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven): 10.0.2, 9.37.4Red Hat: 1 advisoryRed Hat: 1 fixed, 14 without a fix
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- Poc
- Automatable
- Yes
- Technical impact
- Partial
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connect2id | Nimbus JOSE+JWT | before 10.0.2 | 10.0.2 | Patch available | CNA |
| — | com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven) | 9.38-rc1 to before 10.0.2 | 10.0.2 | Patch available | GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9 |
| — | com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven) | before 9.37.4 | 9.37.4 | Patch available | GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9 |
- Nimbus JOSE+JWT VendorConnect2id Affected before 10.0.2 Fixed in 10.0.2 Patch available CNA
- com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven) Vendor— Affected 9.38-rc1 to before 10.0.2 Fixed in 10.0.2 Patch available GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9
- com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven) Vendor— Affected before 9.37.4 Fixed in 9.37.4 Patch available GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9
Remediation
- Fix · CNA Nimbus JOSE+JWT (Connect2id) Fixed in 10.0.2
- Fix · GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9 com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven) Fixed in 10.0.2 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9 com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven) Fixed in 9.37.4 Advisory →
Red Hat 1 advisory
- RHSA-2025:12511 Released 2025-08-01 · Red Hat rating ImportantStreams for Apache Kafka 3.0.0 release and security update
- Streams for Apache Kafka 3.0.0
Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Cryostat 4 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat Fuse 7 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4 for Quarkus 3 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 2 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat build of Quarkus | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| streams for Apache Kafka 2 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Streams for Apache Kafka 3.0.0 | Fixed | RHSA-2025:12511 |
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-53864
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9
References
Other 6
- https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/583/stackoverflowerror-due-to-deeply-nested
- https://github.com/google/gson/compare/gson-parent-2.11.0...gson-parent-2.12.0
- https://github.com/google/gson/commit/1039427ff0100293dd3cf967a53a55282c0fef6b
- https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/commits/f7fb882cc08f027c9ceb874acec3b51c6222861c
- https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/593/back-port-cve-2025-53864-fix-to-9x-branch
- https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt
More Connect2id vulnerabilities
- TI-2019-12818 Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT before v7.9 can throw various uncaught exceptions while… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2023-28776 In Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 9.37.2, an attacker can cause a denial of service… CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2017-09618 Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 4.36 proceeds with ECKey construction without ensuring that the… CVSS 3.0HIGH 7.5
- TI-2017-09616 In Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 4.39, there is no integer-overflow check when converting length… CVSS 3.0HIGH 7.5
- TI-2017-09617 Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 4.39 proceeds improperly after detection of an invalid HMAC in… CVSS 3.0LOW 3.1
Sources
- CVE-2025-53864 · CVE Program
- CVE-2025-53864 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9 · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2025-53864 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences