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TI-2025-34262 Aliases CVE-2025-54465GHSA-29rm-xc84-5q8f

Hard-coded Credentials Vulnerability in ZKTeco WL20

Priority LOW 31CWE-798Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Physical
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Attack requirements
None
Impact type
Security bypass
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · None
Fix status
No fix listed

Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-798.

Summary

This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.002 9th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
ZKTecoWL20 Biometric Attendance System<=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8—No fix listedCNA
  • WL20 Biometric Attendance System VendorZKTeco Affected <=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8 Fixed in — No fix listed CNA

Remediation

No fixed version listed by the sources yet.

Fixed in the same release

Records fixed by the same vendor advisory or release, as the CNA lists them.

  • Advisory ·

    ZKTeco WL20 Biometric Attendance System — zkteco.com/en/Security_Bulletinsibs/20

    2 records Highest priority Priority LOW 2 LOW

    Other records, highest priority first

    • TI-2025-34261 Cleartext Storage Vulnerability in ZKTeco WL20Priority LOW 31
    Show all 2 records → Advisory →

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-54465
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-29rm-xc84-5q8f

References

Advisory 2

  • TI-2023-20210 A path traversal vulnerability in the iclock API of ZKTeco BioTime v8.5.5 allows… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2025-28829 Hard-coded credentials in ZKTeco ZKBio CVSecurity CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2024-24297 ZKTeco ZKBio CVSecurity v6.1.1 was discovered to contain a hardcoded cryptographic key. CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2023-20211 ZKTeco BioTime 8.5.5 through 9.x before 9.0.1 (20240617.19506) allows authenticated… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2016-09202 ZKTeco ZKBioSecurity 3.0 Hardcoded Credentials Remote Code Execution CVSS 4.0CRITICAL 9.3
  • TI-2016-09200 ZKTeco ZKTime.Net 3.0.1.6 Insecure File Permissions Privilege Escalation CVSS 4.0CRITICAL 9.3
See all 70 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences