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TI-2025-34621 Aliases CVE-2025-54887GHSA-c7p4-hx26-pr73

jwe: Missing AES-GCM authentication tag validation in encrypted JWEs

Priority MEDIUM 47CWE-354Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
—
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · None
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and GitHub.

Summary

jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00268 19th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed ruby-jwe (jwt): 1.1.1jwe (RubyGems): 1.1.1

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
Yes
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
jwtruby-jwebefore 1.1.11.1.1Patch availableCNA
—jwe (RubyGems)before 1.1.11.1.1Patch availableGHSA-c7p4-hx26-pr73
  • ruby-jwe Vendorjwt Affected before 1.1.1 Fixed in 1.1.1 Patch available CNA
  • jwe (RubyGems) Vendor— Affected before 1.1.1 Fixed in 1.1.1 Patch available GHSA-c7p4-hx26-pr73

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA ruby-jwe (jwt) Fixed in 1.1.1
  • Fix · GHSA-c7p4-hx26-pr73 jwe (RubyGems) Fixed in 1.1.1 Advisory →

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-54887
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-c7p4-hx26-pr73

References

Advisory 1

Other 4

  • TI-2026-33154 `jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences