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TI-2025-43216 Aliases CVE-2025-71066GHSA-m4cc-c4jq-h2wr

net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change

Priority LOW 35CWE-362Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Local
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
—
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Partial Red Hat: 34 fixed, 1 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat.

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change [email protected] says: The vulnerability is a race condition between `ets_qdisc_dequeue` and `ets_qdisc_change`. It leads to UAF on `struct Qdisc` object. Attacker requires the capability to create new user and network namespace in order to trigger the bug. See my additional commentary at the end of the analysis. Analysis: static int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack) { ... // (1) this lock is preventing .change handler (`ets_qdisc_change`) //to race with .dequeue handler (`ets_qdisc_dequeue`) sch_tree_lock(sch); for (i = nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { if (i >= q->nstrict && q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) list_del_init(&q->classes[i].alist); qdisc_purge_queue(q->classes[i].qdisc); } WRITE_ONCE(q->nbands, nbands); for (i = nstrict; i < q->nstrict; i++) { if (q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) { // (2) the class is added to the q->active list_add_tail(&q->classes[i].alist, &q->active); q->classes[i].deficit = quanta[i]; } } WRITE_ONCE(q->nstrict, nstrict); memcpy(q->prio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap)); for (i = 0; i < q->nbands; i++) WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, quanta[i]); for (i = oldbands; i < q->nbands; i++) { q->classes[i].qdisc = queues[i]; if (q->classes[i].qdisc != &noop_qdisc) qdisc_hash_add(q->classes[i].qdisc, true); } // (3) the qdisc is unlocked, now dequeue can be called in parallel // to the rest of .change handler sch_tree_unlock(sch); ets_offload_change(sch); for (i = q->nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { // (4) we're reducing the refcount for our class's qdisc and // freeing it qdisc_put(q->classes[i].qdisc); // (5) If we call .dequeue between (4) and (5), we will have // a strong UAF and we can control RIP q->classes[i].qdisc = NULL; WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, 0); q->classes[i].deficit = 0; gnet_stats_basic_sync_init(&q->classes[i].bstats); memset(&q->classes[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q->classes[i].qstats)); } return 0; } Comment: This happens because some of the classes have their qdiscs assigned to NULL, but remain in the active list. This commit fixes this issue by always removing the class from the active list before deleting and freeing its associated qdisc Reproducer Steps (trimmed version of what was sent by [email protected]) ``` DEV="${DEV:-lo}" ROOT_HANDLE="${ROOT_HANDLE:-1:}" BAND2_HANDLE="${BAND2_HANDLE:-20:}" # child under 1:2 PING_BYTES="${PING_BYTES:-48}" PING_COUNT="${PING_COUNT:-200000}" PING_DST="${PING_DST:-127.0.0.1}" SLOW_TBF_RATE="${SLOW_TBF_RATE:-8bit}" SLOW_TBF_BURST="${SLOW_TBF_BURST:-100b}" SLOW_TBF_LAT="${SLOW_TBF_LAT:-1s}" cleanup() { tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null } trap cleanup EXIT ip link set "$DEV" up tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null || true tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2 tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" parent 1:2 handle "$BAND2_HANDLE" \ tbf rate "$SLOW_TBF_RATE" burst "$SLOW_TBF_BURST" latency "$SLOW_TBF_LAT" tc filter add dev "$DEV" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV ping -I "$DEV" -f -c "$PING_COUNT" -s "$PING_BYTES" -W 0.001 "$PING_DST" \ >/dev/null 2>&1 & tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 0 tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" parent ---truncated---

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00174 6th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Partial Linux (Linux): 5.10.248, 5.15.198, 6.1.160 +4Red Hat: 10 advisoriesRed Hat: 34 fixed, 1 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
LinuxLinux5.10.83 to before 5.10.248; 5.15.6 to before 5.15.1985.10.248, 5.15.198Patch availableCNA
LinuxLinux5.16 and later5.10.248, 5.15.198, 6.1.160, 6.6.120, 6.12.64, 6.18.3, 6.19Patch availableCNA
  • Linux VendorLinux Affected 5.10.83 to before 5.10.248; 5.15.6 to before 5.15.198 Fixed in 5.10.248, 5.15.198 Patch available CNA
  • Linux VendorLinux Affected 5.16 and later Fixed in 5.10.248, 5.15.198, 6.1.160, 6.6.120, 6.12.64, 6.18.3, 6.19 Patch available CNA

CPE names Threatist (inferred) · 1

Inferred from how NVD named this product before; not given by a source.

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*——Linux
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions — — ·Linux

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.10.248, 5.15.198
  • Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.10.248, 5.15.198, 6.1.160, 6.6.120, 6.12.64, 6.18.3, 6.19

Red Hat 10 advisories

  • RHSA-2026:94996 Released 2026-11-04 · Red Hat rating Critical
    kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6 +14
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6 +14
  • RHSA-2026:94558 Released 2026-11-03 · Red Hat rating Critical
    kernel-rt security, bug fix, and enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2 +11
  • RHSA-2026:94508 Released 2026-11-03 · Red Hat rating Critical
    kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-64k-debug-devel-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-devel-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-core-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-tools-libs-devel-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, libperf-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-core-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-core-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-debug-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0 +11
Show 7 more Red Hat advisories
  • RHSA-2026:94477 Released 2026-11-03 · Red Hat rating Critical
    kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2 +10
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool-7.0.0-284.202.1.el9_2, kernel-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2 +29
  • RHSA-2026:94438 Released 2026-11-03 · Red Hat rating Critical
    kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
    • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, libperf-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) kernel-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-core-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6 +11
  • RHSA-2026:94109 Released 2026-11-02 · Red Hat rating Critical
    kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4 +11
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.4) bpftool-7.3.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4 +29
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.4) kernel-rt-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4 +11
  • RHSA-2026:39083 Released 2026-07-14 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bpftool-4.18.0-553.143.1.el8_10, kernel-4.18.0-553.143.1.el8_10, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-553.143.1.el8_10 +19
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.18.0-553.143.1.el8_10
  • RHSA-2026:39082 Released 2026-07-14 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel-rt security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.143.1.rt7.484.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.143.1.rt7.484.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.143.1.rt7.484.el8_10 +9
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt-4.18.0-553.143.1.rt7.484.el8_10, kernel-rt-core-4.18.0-553.143.1.rt7.484.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-4.18.0-553.143.1.rt7.484.el8_10 +7
  • RHSA-2026:36957 Released 2026-07-09 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) kernel-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-64k-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-64k-core-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8 +28
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, libperf-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8 +9
  • RHSA-2026:36956 Released 2026-07-09 · Red Hat rating Important
    kernel security update
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) kernel-64k-debug-devel-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-64k-devel-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2 +12
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) kernel-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-64k-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-64k-core-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2 +29
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10) kernel-tools-libs-devel-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, libperf-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 10) kernel-rt-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-rt-64k-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-rt-64k-core-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2 +21
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 10) kernel-rt-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-rt-core-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-rt-debug-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2 +9

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

ProductStatusPlan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9AffectedNo fix yet
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:94438
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2026:36956
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:36957
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:94477
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:94109
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:94508
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:94438
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2026:36956
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:39083
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:36957
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:94996
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:94477
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:94109
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:94508
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:94438
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:94996
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:39083
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2026:36956
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:36957
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:94508
Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:39082
Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8)Fixed RHSA-2026:39082
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2026:36956
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:36957
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:94558
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:94109
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:94508
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:94438
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 10)Fixed RHSA-2026:36956
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9)Fixed RHSA-2026:36957
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2)Fixed RHSA-2026:94558
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.4)Fixed RHSA-2026:94109
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v. 10.0)Fixed RHSA-2026:94508
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6)Fixed RHSA-2026:94438
Not affected: 2 products
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-71066
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-m4cc-c4jq-h2wr
  3. 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94109 · Red Hat
  4. 2026-11-03 Fix available: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.4) +1 · Red Hat
  5. 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94477 · Red Hat
  6. 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94438 · Red Hat
  7. 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94508 · Red Hat
  8. 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94558 · Red Hat
  9. 2026-11-03 Fix available: Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) +11 · Red Hat
  10. 2026-11-04 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94996 · Red Hat
  11. 2026-11-04 Fix available: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.6) · Red Hat

References

  • TI-2025-26358 tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-38352 netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2021-02452 Incorrect authorization in Ubuntu linux kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2013-05264 The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2022-00125 Integer overflow in kernel KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
  • TI-2013-01864 The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9… KEVCVSS 3.1HIGH 8.4
See all 21741 →

Sources