TI-2026-04310 Aliases CVE-2026-4946 GHSA-3wfw-pwxc-r3x9

NSA Ghidra Auto-Analysis Annotation Command Execution

HIGH 73CWE-78Published 2026-03-29 · Updated 2026-03-30

Key facts

Attack vector: Network
Privileges required: None
User interaction: Required
Attack complexity: Low
Impact type: Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability: High · High · High
Fix status: Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-78.

Summary

Ghidra versions prior to 12.0.3 improperly process annotation directives embedded in automatically extracted binary data, resulting in arbitrary command execution when an analyst interacts with the UI. Specifically, the @execute annotation (which is intended for trusted, user-authored comments) is also parsed in comments generated during auto-analysis (such as CFStrings in Mach-O binaries). This allows a crafted binary to present seemingly benign clickable text which, when clicked, executes attacker-controlled commands on the analyst’s machine.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV

EPSS 0.00489 42nd percentileScored 2026-11-07

Public exploit Yes 2 exploit referencesTagged by NVD

Fix Fixed Ghidra (NSA): 12.0.3

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation: Poc
Automatable: No
Technical impact: Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

Vendor	Product	Affected versions	Fixed in	Status	Source
NationalSecurityAgency	Ghidra	before 12.0.3	12.0.3	Patch available	CNA

Ghidra VendorNationalSecurityAgency Affected before 12.0.3 Fixed in 12.0.3 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPE	Versions	Role	Vendor
cpe:2.3:a:nsa:ghidra::::::::	before 12.0.3	Vulnerable	NationalSecurityAgency

cpe:2.3:a:nsa:ghidra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 12.0.3 Vulnerable ·NationalSecurityAgency

Remediation

Fix · CNA Ghidra (NSA) Fixed in 12.0.3

Timeline

2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-4946
2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-3wfw-pwxc-r3x9
2026-10-25 EPSS moved to the below the 50th percentile

References

Exploit 2

TI-2023-08846 Ghidra/RuntimeScripts/Linux/support/launch.sh in NSA Ghidra through 10.2.2 passes… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2026-37876 Ghidra < 12.1 - SQL Injection via Unescaped Filter Values in BSim Search CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.7
TI-2026-37873 Ghidra < 12.0.4 - Path Traversal via Zip Slip in Theme Import CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.4
TI-2026-37870 Ghidra < 12.0.2 - Path Traversal in Extension Installer via ZIP Entry Names CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.4
TI-2026-36646 Ghidra < 12.1 - Heap-Use-After-Free in SleighBuilder::generatePointerAdd via Vector Reallocation CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 6.9
TI-2026-37877 Ghidra < 12.1.1 - Denial of Service via Uncontrolled Memory Allocation in Mach-O Parser CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 6.7

See all 30 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences