TI-2026-28942 Aliases CVE-2026-40116 GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7

PraisonAI's Unauthenticated WebSocket Endpoint Proxies to Paid OpenAI Realtime API Without Rate Limits

HIGH 72CWE-770Published 2026-04-09 · Updated 2026-04-14

Key facts

Attack vector: Network
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Attack complexity: Low
Impact type: Denial of service
Confidentiality · integrity · availability: None · None · High
Fix status: Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and GitHub. Impact type from CWE-770.

Summary

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, the /media-stream WebSocket endpoint in PraisonAI's call module accepts connections from any client without authentication or Twilio signature validation. Each connection opens an authenticated session to OpenAI's Realtime API using the server's API key. There are no limits on concurrent connections, message rate, or message size, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust server resources and drain the victim's OpenAI API credits. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV

EPSS 0.00387 32nd percentileScored 2026-11-07

Public exploit Yes 1 exploit referenceTagged by NVD

Fix Fixed PraisonAI (MervinPraison): 4.5.128PraisonAI (PyPI): 4.5.128

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation: Poc
Automatable: Yes
Technical impact: Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

Vendor	Product	Affected versions	Fixed in	Status	Source
MervinPraison	PraisonAI	before 4.5.128	4.5.128	Patch available	CNA
—	PraisonAI (PyPI)	before 4.5.128	4.5.128	Patch available	GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7

PraisonAI VendorMervinPraison Affected before 4.5.128 Fixed in 4.5.128 Patch available CNA
PraisonAI (PyPI) Vendor— Affected before 4.5.128 Fixed in 4.5.128 Patch available GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPE	Versions	Role	Vendor
cpe:2.3:a:praison:praisonai::::::::	before 4.5.128	Vulnerable	MervinPraison

cpe:2.3:a:praison:praisonai:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 4.5.128 Vulnerable ·MervinPraison

Remediation

Fix · CNA PraisonAI (MervinPraison) Fixed in 4.5.128
Fix · GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7 PraisonAI (PyPI) Fixed in 4.5.128 Advisory →

Timeline

2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-40116
2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7

References

Exploit 1

https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7

Advisory 1

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40116

Other 2

TI-2026-30083 Incomplete fix for CVE-2026-34935: Command Injection in MervinPraison/PraisonAI CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2026-29070 PraisonAI: Critical RCE via `type: job` workflow YAML CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2026-28940 PraisonAI has Server-Side Request Forgery via Unvalidated webhook_url in Jobs API CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
TI-2026-28768 PraisonAI Affected by Remote Code Execution via YAML Deserialization in Agent Definition Loading CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2026-27159 PraisonAI: OS Command Injection in MCPHandler.parse_mcp_command() CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2026-27158 PraisonAI: Second-Order SQL Injection in `get_all_user_threads` CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8

See all 42 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences