TI-2026-28971 Aliases CVE-2026-40156 GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4

PraisonAI Affected by Implicit Execution of Arbitrary Code via Automatic `tools.py` Loading

HIGH 69CWE-426Published 2026-04-10 · Updated 2026-04-13

Key facts

Attack vector: Local
Privileges required: None
User interaction: Required
Attack complexity: Low
Impact type: Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability: High · High · High
Fix status: Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and GitHub. Impact type from CWE-426.

Summary

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI automatically loads a file named tools.py from the current working directory to discover and register custom agent tools. This loading process uses importlib.util.spec_from_file_location and immediately executes module-level code via spec.loader.exec_module() without explicit user consent, validation, or sandboxing. The tools.py file is loaded implicitly, even when it is not referenced in configuration files or explicitly requested by the user. As a result, merely placing a file named tools.py in the working directory is sufficient to trigger code execution. This behavior violates the expected security boundary between user-controlled project files (e.g., YAML configurations) and executable code, as untrusted content in the working directory is treated as trusted and executed automatically. If an attacker can place a malicious tools.py file into a directory where a user or automated system (e.g., CI/CD pipeline) runs praisonai, arbitrary code execution occurs immediately upon startup, before any agent logic begins. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV

EPSS 0.00217 12th percentileScored 2026-11-07

Fix Fixed PraisonAI (MervinPraison): 4.5.128praisonai (PyPI): 4.5.128

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation: Poc
Automatable: No
Technical impact: Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

Vendor	Product	Affected versions	Fixed in	Status	Source
MervinPraison	PraisonAI	before 4.5.128	4.5.128	Patch available	CNA
—	praisonai (PyPI)	before 4.5.128	4.5.128	Patch available	GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4

PraisonAI VendorMervinPraison Affected before 4.5.128 Fixed in 4.5.128 Patch available CNA
praisonai (PyPI) Vendor— Affected before 4.5.128 Fixed in 4.5.128 Patch available GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPE	Versions	Role	Vendor
cpe:2.3:a:praison:praisonai::::::::	before 4.5.128	Vulnerable	MervinPraison

cpe:2.3:a:praison:praisonai:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 4.5.128 Vulnerable ·MervinPraison

Remediation

Fix · CNA PraisonAI (MervinPraison) Fixed in 4.5.128
Fix · GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4 praisonai (PyPI) Fixed in 4.5.128 Advisory →

Timeline

2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-40156
2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4

References

Advisory 2

Other 2

TI-2026-30083 Incomplete fix for CVE-2026-34935: Command Injection in MervinPraison/PraisonAI CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2026-29070 PraisonAI: Critical RCE via `type: job` workflow YAML CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2026-28940 PraisonAI has Server-Side Request Forgery via Unvalidated webhook_url in Jobs API CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
TI-2026-28768 PraisonAI Affected by Remote Code Execution via YAML Deserialization in Agent Definition Loading CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2026-27159 PraisonAI: OS Command Injection in MCPHandler.parse_mcp_command() CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
TI-2026-27158 PraisonAI: Second-Order SQL Injection in `get_all_user_threads` CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8

See all 42 →

Sources

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