Read the docs
TI-2026-33508 Aliases CVE-2026-45771

Freeswitch Denial-of-Service in SIP PUBLISH Requests via XML Entity Expansion

Priority LOW 39CWE-776Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
—
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
None · None · High
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA.

Summary

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to version 1.11.0, FreeSWITCH's bundled XML parser expands nested <!ENTITY> declarations without a depth or count bound, so a small DTD can describe a body that expands exponentially ("billion laughs"). The PIDF body of a SIP PUBLISH is fed to this parser before any digest check, letting an unauthenticated network attacker force unbounded CPU and memory consumption with a single request. This issue has been patched in version 1.11.0.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00343 28th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed freeswitch (signalwire): 1.11.0

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
Yes
Technical impact
Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
signalwirefreeswitchbefore 1.11.01.11.0Patch availableCNA
  • freeswitch Vendorsignalwire Affected before 1.11.0 Fixed in 1.11.0 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:freeswitch:freeswitch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 1.11.0Vulnerablefreeswitch
  • cpe:2.3:a:freeswitch:freeswitch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 1.11.0 Vulnerable ·freeswitch

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA freeswitch (signalwire) Fixed in 1.11.0

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-45771

References

Advisory 1

Other 1

  • TI-2023-08915 heap-over-flow in stun_parse_attribute in sofia-sip CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2022-13049 Heap-based Buffer Overflow and Out-of-bounds Write in Sofia-SIP CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2023-28097 FreeSWITCH susceptible to Denial of Service via DTLS Hello packets during call initiation CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2023-20909 Resource allocation without limits in signalwire freeswitch CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2023-20908 FreeSWITCH allows remote users to trigger out of bounds write by offering an ICE candidate with unknown component ID CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2023-15601 heap-over-flow and integer-overflow in sofia-sip CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
See all 44 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences