PyJWT: Public-key JWK accepted as HMAC secret enables forged HS256 tokens when mixed families are allowed
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- High
- Impact type
- Security bypass
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · None
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 39 fixed, 5 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA, GitHub and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-287.
Summary
PyJWT is a JSON Web Token implementation in Python. Prior to 2.13.0, when the verifier is decoding JSON Web Tokens, while supporting both asymmetric and HMAC algorithms, the library does not validate use of JSON Web Keys in HMAC algorithm, allowing attacker to use the issuer public key as the secret key for HMAC algorithm. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- Poc
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| jpadilla | pyjwt | before 2.13.0 | 2.13.0 | Patch available | CNA |
| — | pyjwt (PyPI) | before 2.13.0 | 2.13.0 | Patch available | GHSA-xgmm-8j9v-c9wx |
- pyjwt Vendorjpadilla Affected before 2.13.0 Fixed in 2.13.0 Patch available CNA
- pyjwt (PyPI) Vendor— Affected before 2.13.0 Fixed in 2.13.0 Patch available GHSA-xgmm-8j9v-c9wx
Remediation
- Fix · CNA pyjwt (jpadilla) Fixed in 2.13.0
- Fix · GHSA-xgmm-8j9v-c9wx pyjwt (PyPI) Fixed in 2.13.0 Advisory →
Red Hat 49 advisories
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Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Important. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| OpenShift Lightspeed | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat AI Inference Server | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:30088, RHSA-2026:30089 |
| Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:69464, RHSA-2026:69466, RHSA-2026:69467, RHSA-2026:69469, RHSA-2026:70965, RHSA-2026:70969, RHSA-2026:70979, RHSA-2026:70995 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:42144 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50319 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50319 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:34374, RHSA-2026:42132 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:34160, RHSA-2026:50336 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:25928, RHSA-2026:42142, RHSA-2026:50340 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:76149, RHSA-2026:76150 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:25902 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:26206 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:35837 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:35836 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:35845 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:35835 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux High Availability E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:35837 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux High Availability E4S (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:35836 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Resilient Storage E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:35837 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Resilient Storage E4S (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:35836 |
| Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8.2 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:43038 |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:42644, RHSA-2026:87410 |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:37275, RHSA-2026:73987 |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:60520, RHSA-2026:84734 |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.5 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:60367 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.10 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:33683 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.12 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:30076 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.14 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:70267 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.15 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:42796 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.16 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:41066 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.18 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:48085 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:28571 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50223 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50223 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50222 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.18 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:36350 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50263 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:34365 |
| Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:40967 |
| Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.4 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50904 |
Not affected: 29 products
- OpenShift Lightspeed
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 10
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7
- Red Hat Hardened Images
- Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8.2
- Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)
- Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25
- Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3
- Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4
- Red Hat Quay 3.10
- Red Hat Quay 3.12
- Red Hat Quay 3.14
- Red Hat Quay 3.15
- Red Hat Quay 3.16
- Red Hat Quay 3.18
- Red Hat Quay 3.9
- Red Hat Satellite 6
- Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8
- Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9
- Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9
- Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9
- Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9
- Red Hat Update Infrastructure 4 for Cloud Providers
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-48526
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-xgmm-8j9v-c9wx
- 2026-10-06 Fix available: RHSA-2026:76149 · Red Hat
- 2026-10-06 Fix available: RHSA-2026:76150 · Red Hat
- 2026-10-06 Fix available: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4 · Red Hat
- 2026-10-07 Fix available: RHSA-2026:73987 · Red Hat
- 2026-10-07 Affected versions changed · Red Hat
- 2026-10-20 Fix available: RHSA-2026:84734 · Red Hat
- 2026-10-20 Affected versions changed · Red Hat
- 2026-10-22 Fix available: RHSA-2026:87410 · Red Hat
- 2026-10-23 Affected versions changed · Red Hat
- 2026-11-06 Fix available: RHSA-2026:42644 · Red Hat
References
More jpadilla Pyjwt vulnerabilities
- TI-2026-65303 Improper signature verification in jpadilla pyjwt CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
- TI-2026-65301 PyJWK accepts empty HMAC keys, bypassing PyJWT's empty-key validation CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
- TI-2026-65219 PyJWT: Unauthenticated RecursionError DoS in pre-verification payload parse… CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2026-65218 PyJWT: PyJWKClient still amplifies unauthenticated JWKS fetches on unknown kid values (incomplete fix of CVE-2026-48524) CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2026-25107 PyJWT accepts unknown `crit` header extensions (RFC 7515 §4.1.11 MUST violation) CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2026-65310 PyJWT accepts inconsistent OKP x/d JWKs, causing public/private key identity confusion CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.2
Sources
- CVE-2026-48526 · CVE Program
- CVE-2026-48526 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-xgmm-8j9v-c9wx · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2026-48526 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences