Resource allocation without limits in ZenHive mpp
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Attack requirements
- Present
- Impact type
- Denial of service
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- None · High · High
- Fix status
- Fixed
Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-770.
Summary
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to drain the fee-payer wallet through concurrent sponsored payments, denying service to legitimate payers once it is empty. MPP.Methods.Tempo.FeePayerPolicy enforces its ceilings (max_gas, max_fee_per_gas, max_priority_fee_per_gas, the worst-case gas_limit * max_fee_per_gas <= max_total_fee budget cap, and a validity window) against one transaction at a time, and nothing accounts for exposure across concurrent requests. reserve_hash_atomic/2 is keyed on the transaction hash, so it prevents duplicate broadcast of the same signed transaction but not N distinct sponsored transactions carrying distinct expiring nonces. Committed sponsor exposure is therefore N times max_total_fee, bounded by nothing in the library, and the default 900 second validity window lets co-signed transactions stay broadcastable and uncounted for that entire period. This issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.12.0.
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
Remediation
- Fix · CNA mpp (ZenHive) Fixed in 0.12.0
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-73541
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-j5gr-9qmc-3234
References
More ZenHive Machine Payments Protocol vulnerabilities
- TI-2026-47746 On-chain transfer proof is not single-use in mpp EVM payment method, enabling cross-challenge replay CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.7
- TI-2026-51302 Static memo configuration in mpp Tempo disables per-challenge attribution binding, enabling third-party replay CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.2
- TI-2026-51860 Non-atomic hash-credential dedup in mpp Tempo allows replay of a confirmed payment under a concurrent race CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 6.3
Sources
- CVE-2026-73541 · CVE Program
- CVE-2026-73541 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-j5gr-9qmc-3234 · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
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