@orpc/json-schema: Prototype injection in smart coercion
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Impact type
- Tampering
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- Low · Low · None
- Fix status
- Fixed
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-915.
Summary
oRPC is a tool that helps build APIs that are end-to-end type-safe and adhere to OpenAPI standards. Prior to 1.14.9, the @orpc/json-schema SmartCoercionPlugin uses JsonSchemaCoercer to collect object properties in a plain object and to resolve schema.properties entries through the prototype chain. A remote client that can reach a procedure with an object input schema can supply __proto__ to replace the prototype of the single coerced request object, or supply Object.prototype member names such as constructor and toString so inherited values are treated as sub-schemas and pass the coercer's satisfaction check. Attacker-controlled inherited properties can consequently affect handler, Object.assign, or configuration lookups, while legitimate __proto__ properties are dropped. The global Object.prototype, unrelated objects, other requests, and other users are not modified, and downstream schema validation still runs. This issue is fixed in version 1.14.9.
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- Yes
- Technical impact
- Partial
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
Remediation
- Fix · CNA orpc (middleapi) Fixed in 1.14.9
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-103036
- 2026-10-04 Priority changed: MEDIUM → LOW
- 2026-10-06 CISA SSVC decision points changed
References
More middleapi vulnerabilities
- TI-2026-53979 oRPC: Vary Header Injection in CORS Plugin leading to potential Cache/CORS Bypass CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 6.3
- TI-2026-66040 @orpc/zod: Prototype injection in smart coercion CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 6.5
Sources
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences