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TI-2026-74968 Aliases CVE-2026-111225

OS command injection in pfSense CE OpenVPN learn-address script

Priority MEDIUM 45CWE-78Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High
Attack requirements
Present
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
Low · Low · Low
Fix status
No fix listed

Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-78.

Summary

Netgate pfSense CE from 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection flaw (CWE-78) in the openvpn.learn-address.sh script. Because certificate common names or usernames are inserted unquoted into su -c strings when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled, an authenticated VPN client with low privileges can run commands as the unbound user. The references include an exploit link.

Written with Claude Haiku 5.5 from the sources below · 2026-10-28

Description from the CNA

Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.06207 93rd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Public exploit Yes 1 exploit referenceTagged by the CNA
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
Poc
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
NetgatepfSense CE2.5.0 – 2.9.0—No fix listedCNA
  • pfSense CE VendorNetgate Affected 2.5.0 – 2.9.0 Fixed in — No fix listed CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:pfsense:pfsense:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*2.5.0 – 2.9.0VulnerablepfSense
  • cpe:2.3:a:pfsense:pfsense:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:* Versions 2.5.0 – 2.9.0 Vulnerable ·pfSense

Remediation

The sources list no fixed version for pfSense CE.

Written with Claude Haiku 5.5 from the sources below · 2026-10-28

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-16 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-111225
  2. 2026-10-20 EPSS moved to the 90th–95th percentile
  3. 2026-10-20 CVSS score added · NVD

References

Exploit 1

Other 2

  • TI-2022-13704 pfSense pfBlockerNG through 2.1.4_26 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2023-12003 A command injection vulnerability in the function restore_rrddata() of Netgate pfSense… CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2024-31010 A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in pfsense v2.5.2 allows attackers to execute… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.3
  • TI-2023-11923 Improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts in the SSHGuard component of… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2023-26046 An issue in Netgate pfSense Plus v.23.05.1 and before and pfSense CE v.2.7.0 allows a… CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
  • TI-2023-22567 An issue in Netgate pfSense v.2.7.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code… CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.8
See all 92 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences