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TI-2026-85622 Aliases CVE-2026-116786

Channel variable injection via SIP REFER in FreeSWITCH allows command execution

Priority LOW 38CWE-77Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-77.

Summary

FreeSWITCH from SignalWire before 1.11.2 copies raw SIP REFER Refer-To parameters into channel variables used when originating a new call. Because a comma in the attacker-supplied value is read as a variable separator, an authenticated caller on a bridged call can inject variables that run operating system commands with FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the attacker needs only a registered account, not administrative or Event Socket access.

Written with Claude Haiku 5.5 from the sources below · 2026-11-06

Description from the CNA

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.

Why it matters now

EPSS 0.00442 38th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed freeswitch (signalwire): 1.11.2

SSVC decision points

Not available: CISA has not published SSVC decision points for this record.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
signalwirefreeswitchbefore 1.11.21.11.2Patch availableCNA
  • freeswitch Vendorsignalwire Affected before 1.11.2 Fixed in 1.11.2 Patch available CNA

CPE names Threatist (inferred) · 1

Inferred from how NVD named this product before; not given by a source.

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:freeswitch:freeswitch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*——freeswitch
  • cpe:2.3:a:freeswitch:freeswitch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions — — ·freeswitch

Remediation

Upgrade FreeSWITCH from SignalWire to version 1.11.2, which fixes this issue.

Written with Claude Haiku 5.5 from the sources below · 2026-11-06

  • Fix · CNA freeswitch (signalwire) Fixed in 1.11.2

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat's page for this CVE →

Not affected: 1 product
  • Red Hat

Timeline

  1. 2026-11-05 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-116786
  2. 2026-11-06 Affected versions changed · Red Hat
  3. 2026-11-06 CVSS score added · Red Hat
  4. 2026-11-07 Priority changed: MEDIUM → LOW

References

Other 3

  • TI-2023-08915 heap-over-flow in stun_parse_attribute in sofia-sip CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2022-13049 Heap-based Buffer Overflow and Out-of-bounds Write in Sofia-SIP CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2023-28097 FreeSWITCH susceptible to Denial of Service via DTLS Hello packets during call initiation CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2023-20909 Resource allocation without limits in signalwire freeswitch CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2023-20908 FreeSWITCH allows remote users to trigger out of bounds write by offering an ICE candidate with unknown component ID CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
  • TI-2023-15601 heap-over-flow and integer-overflow in sofia-sip CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
See all 44 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences