Vulnerabilities

Controls limiting uploads to certain file extensions may be bypassed.

Weak default root user credentials allow remote attackers to easily obtain OS superuser privileges over the open TCP port for SSH.

Client-side JavaScript controls may be bypassed to change user credentials and permissions without authentication, including a “root” user level meant only for the vendor.

The www-data (Apache web server) account is configured to run sudo with no password for many commands (including /bin/sh and /bin/bash).

Client-side JavaScript controls may be bypassed by directly running a JS function to reboot the PLC (e.g., from the browser console) or by loading the corresponding, browser accessible PHP script

The default password for the web application’s root user (the vendor’s private account) was weak and the MD5 hash was used to crack the password using a widely available open-source tool.

An attacker with weak credentials could access the TCP port via an open FTP port, allowing an attacker to read sensitive files and write to remotely executable directories.