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TI-2024-22565 Aliases CVE-2024-34108GHSA-x9g5-mhfw-m5p8

Large attack surface through legit webhook usage in Adobe Commerce

Priority MEDIUM 44CWE-20Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
High
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
—
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
No fix listed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CNA. Fix status from CNA.

Summary

Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.7, 2.4.6-p5, 2.4.5-p7, 2.4.4-p8 and earlier are affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction, but admin privileges are required and scope is changed.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.01435 73rd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
AdobeAdobe Commerceup to 2.4.4-p8—No fix listedCNA
  • Adobe Commerce VendorAdobe Affected up to 2.4.4-p8 Fixed in — No fix listed CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 71

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*2.3.7VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*2.3.7 p1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p2:*:*:*:*:*:*2.3.7 p2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p3:*:*:*:*:*:*2.3.7 p3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4:*:*:*:*:*:*2.3.7 p4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4-ext1:*:*:*:*:*:*2.3.7 p4-ext1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4-ext2:*:*:*:*:*:*2.3.7 p4-ext2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4-ext3:*:*:*:*:*:*2.3.7 p4-ext3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4-ext4:*:*:*:*:*:*2.3.7 p4-ext4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.0VulnerableAdobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.7 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.7 p1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.7 p2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.7 p3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.7 p4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4-ext1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.7 p4-ext1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4-ext2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.7 p4-ext2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4-ext3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.7 p4-ext3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.3.7:p4-ext4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.3.7 p4-ext4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.0 Vulnerable ·Adobe
Show 61 more CPE
CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:ext-1:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.0 ext-1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:ext-2:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.0 ext-2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:ext-3:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.0 ext-3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:ext-4:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.0 ext-4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:ext-1:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.1 ext-1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:ext-2:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.1 ext-2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:ext-3:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.1 ext-3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:ext-4:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.1 ext-4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:ext-1:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.2 ext-1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:ext-2:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.2 ext-2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:ext-3:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.2 ext-3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:ext-4:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.2 ext-4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:ext-1:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.3 ext-1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:ext-2:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.3 ext-2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:ext-3:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.3 ext-3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:ext-4:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.3 ext-4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.4 p1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p2:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.4 p2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p3:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.4 p3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p4:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.4 p4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p5:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.4 p5VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p6:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.4 p6VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.5VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.5 p1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p2:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.5 p2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p3:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.5 p3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p4:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.5 p4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p5:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.5 p5VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.6:-:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.6VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.6:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.6 p1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.6:p2:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.6 p2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.6:p3:*:*:*:*:*:*2.4.6 p3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce_webhooks:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*1.2.0 – 1.4.0VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:-:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p1:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.4 p1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p2:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.4 p2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p3:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.4 p3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p4:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.4 p4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p5:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.4 p5VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p6:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.4 p6VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p7:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.4 p7VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p8:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.4 p8VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:-:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.5VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p1:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.5 p1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p2:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.5 p2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p3:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.5 p3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p4:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.5 p4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p5:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.5 p5VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p6:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.5 p6VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p7:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.5 p7VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:-:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.6VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p1:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.6 p1VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p2:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.6 p2VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p3:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.6 p3VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p4:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.6 p4VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p5:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.6 p5VulnerableAdobe
cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.7:b1:*:*:open_source:*:*:*2.4.7 b1VulnerableAdobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:ext-1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.0 ext-1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:ext-2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.0 ext-2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:ext-3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.0 ext-3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.0:ext-4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.0 ext-4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:ext-1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.1 ext-1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:ext-2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.1 ext-2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:ext-3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.1 ext-3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.1:ext-4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.1 ext-4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:ext-1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.2 ext-1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:ext-2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.2 ext-2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:ext-3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.2 ext-3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.2:ext-4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.2 ext-4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:ext-1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.3 ext-1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:ext-2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.3 ext-2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:ext-3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.3 ext-3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.3:ext-4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.3 ext-4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p5:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p5 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.4:p6:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p6 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p4:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.5:p5:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p5 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.6:-:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.6:p1:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 p1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.6:p2:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 p2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce:2.4.6:p3:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 p3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:commerce_webhooks:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 1.2.0 – 1.4.0 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:-:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p1:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p2:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p3:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p4:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p5:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p5 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p6:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p6 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p7:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p7 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.4:p8:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.4 p8 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:-:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p1:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p2:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p3:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p4:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p5:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p5 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p6:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p6 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.5:p7:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.5 p7 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:-:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p1:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 p1 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p2:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 p2 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p3:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 p3 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p4:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 p4 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.6:p5:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.6 p5 Vulnerable ·Adobe
  • cpe:2.3:a:adobe:magento:2.4.7:b1:*:*:open_source:*:*:* Versions 2.4.7 b1 Vulnerable ·Adobe

Remediation

No fixed version listed by the sources yet.

Fixed in the same release

Records fixed by the same vendor advisory or release, as the CNA lists them.

  • Advisory ·

    Adobe Commerce — helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb24-40.html

    10 records Highest priority Priority CRITICAL 1 CRITICAL, 4 MEDIUM, 5 LOW

    Other records, highest priority first

    • TI-2024-22559 XXE can expose crypt key and other secrets granting full admin accessPriority CRITICAL 100
    • TI-2024-22564 Adobe Commerce | Improper Access Control (CWE-284)Priority MEDIUM 51
    • TI-2024-22561 Adobe Commerce | Improper Authorization (CWE-285)Priority MEDIUM 45
    Show all 10 records → Advisory →

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2024-34108
  2. 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-x9g5-mhfw-m5p8

References

Advisory 1

  • TI-2026-52938 Adobe Commerce | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336) KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2024-22559 XXE can expose crypt key and other secrets granting full admin access KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2022-08035 Adobe Commerce checkout improper input validation leads to remote code execution KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-35762 Unrestricted file upload in Adobe Commerce allows code execution KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.3
  • TI-2026-50010 Adobe Commerce | Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863) KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
  • TI-2025-34067 Adobe Commerce | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
See all 213 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences