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TI-2025-21294 Aliases CVE-2025-29909

CryptoLib's Crypto_TC_ApplySecurity() Has a Heap Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

Priority HIGH 80CWE-191Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Attack requirements
None
Impact type
Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
High · High · High
Fix status
No fix listed

Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-191 and the CVSS impact.

Summary

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. In versions 1.3.3 and prior, a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in CryptoLib's `Crypto_TC_ApplySecurity()` allows an attacker to craft a malicious TC frame that causes out-of-bounds memory writes. This can result in denial of service (DoS) or, under certain conditions, remote code execution (RCE). Any application or system that relies on CryptoLib for Telecommand (TC) processing and does not strictly validate incoming TC frames is at risk. This includes satellite ground stations or mission control software where attackers can inject malformed frames. A patch is available at commit c7e8a8745ff4b5e9bd7e500e91358e86d5abedcc.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.01084 65th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Public exploit Yes 1 exploit referenceTagged by NVD
Fix No fix listed No fixed version in the sources yet

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
Poc
Automatable
Yes
Technical impact
Total

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
nasaCryptoLibup to 1.3.3—No fix listedCNA
  • CryptoLib Vendornasa Affected up to 1.3.3 Fixed in — No fix listed CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*before 1.4.0Vulnerablenasa
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 1.4.0 Vulnerable ·nasa

Remediation

No fixed version listed by the sources yet.

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-29909

References

Exploit 1

Patch 1

  • TI-2025-21552 CryptoLib Has Heap Overflow in Crypto_TM_ProcessSecurity due to Unchecked Secondary Header Length CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.4
  • TI-2025-21662 Heap Buffer Overflow via Incomplete Length Check in `Crypto_TC_ApplySecurity` CVSS 4.0CRITICAL 9.3
  • TI-2025-21298 CryptoLib's Crypto_TC_Prep_AAD Has Buffer Overflow Due to Integer Underflow CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.9
  • TI-2025-21297 CryptoLib Has Heap Buffer Overflow Due to Unsigned Integer Underflow in Crypto_TC_ProcessSecurity CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.9
  • TI-2025-21296 CryptoLib Has Heap Buffer Overflow in Crypto_AOS_ProcessSecurity Function CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.9
  • TI-2025-34612 Heap Buffer Overflow in NASA CryptoLib 1.4.0 `Crypto_TC_Check_IV_Setup` CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
See all 26 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences