Use after free in Apple iOS and iPadOS
Priority LOW 23CWE-416Published · Updated
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Impact type
- —
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- None · None · Low
- Fix status
- Fixed
Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · CISA ADP. Fix status from CNA.
Summary
A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, iPadOS 17.7.7, macOS Sequoia 15.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.6, macOS Ventura 13.7.6, tvOS 18.5, visionOS 2.5, watchOS 11.5. Parsing a file may lead to an unexpected app termination.
Why it matters now
Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00683 52nd percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed iOS and iPadOS (Apple): 18.5iPadOS (Apple): 17.7.7+4 more products
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple | iOS and iPadOS | before 18.5 | 18.5 | Patch available | CNA |
| Apple | iPadOS | before 17.7.7 | 17.7.7 | Patch available | CNA |
| Apple | macOS | before 13.7.6; before 14.7.6; before 15.5 | 13.7.6, 14.7.6, 15.5 | Patch available | CNA |
| Apple | tvOS | before 18.5 | 18.5 | Patch available | CNA |
| Apple | visionOS | before 2.5 | 2.5 | Patch available | CNA |
| Apple | watchOS | before 11.5 | 11.5 | Patch available | CNA |
- iOS and iPadOS VendorApple Affected before 18.5 Fixed in 18.5 Patch available CNA
- iPadOS VendorApple Affected before 17.7.7 Fixed in 17.7.7 Patch available CNA
- macOS VendorApple Affected before 13.7.6; before 14.7.6; before 15.5 Fixed in 13.7.6, 14.7.6, 15.5 Patch available CNA
- tvOS VendorApple Affected before 18.5 Fixed in 18.5 Patch available CNA
- visionOS VendorApple Affected before 2.5 Fixed in 2.5 Patch available CNA
- watchOS VendorApple Affected before 11.5 Fixed in 11.5 Patch available CNA
CPE configurations NVD · 6
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | before 17.7.7; 18.0 to before 18.5 | Vulnerable | Apple |
| cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | before 18.5 | Vulnerable | Apple |
| cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | 13.0 to before 13.7.6; 14.0 to before 14.7.6; 15.0 to before 15.5 | Vulnerable | Apple |
| cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | before 18.5 | Vulnerable | Apple |
| cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | before 2.5 | Vulnerable | Apple |
| cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | before 11.5 | Vulnerable | Apple |
- cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 17.7.7; 18.0 to before 18.5 Vulnerable ·Apple
- cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 18.5 Vulnerable ·Apple
- cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 13.0 to before 13.7.6; 14.0 to before 14.7.6; 15.0 to before 15.5 Vulnerable ·Apple
- cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 18.5 Vulnerable ·Apple
- cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 2.5 Vulnerable ·Apple
- cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions before 11.5 Vulnerable ·Apple
Remediation
- Fix · CNA iOS and iPadOS (Apple) Fixed in 18.5
- Fix · CNA iPadOS (Apple) Fixed in 17.7.7
- Fix · CNA macOS (Apple) Fixed in 13.7.6, 14.7.6, 15.5
- Fix · CNA tvOS (Apple) Fixed in 18.5
- Fix · CNA visionOS (Apple) Fixed in 2.5
- Fix · CNA watchOS (Apple) Fixed in 11.5
Fixed in the same release
Records fixed by the same vendor advisory or release, as the CNA lists them.
- Release ·
Apple iOS and iPadOS 18.5
32 records Highest priority Priority MEDIUM 3 MEDIUM, 29 LOW
Other records, highest priority first
- TI-2025-21748 Missing authorization in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority MEDIUM 47
- TI-2025-22472 Memory corruption in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority MEDIUM 42
- TI-2025-22444 Memory corruption in Apple SafariPriority MEDIUM 41
- Release ·
Apple visionOS 2.5
24 records Highest priority Priority MEDIUM 3 MEDIUM, 21 LOW
Other records, highest priority first
- TI-2025-21748 Missing authorization in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority MEDIUM 47
- TI-2025-22472 Memory corruption in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority MEDIUM 42
- TI-2025-22444 Memory corruption in Apple SafariPriority MEDIUM 41
Show 4 more groups
- Release ·
Apple iPadOS 17.7.7
24 records Highest priority Priority MEDIUM 1 MEDIUM, 23 LOW
Other records, highest priority first
- TI-2025-21748 Missing authorization in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority MEDIUM 47
- TI-2025-22448 Improper input validation in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority LOW 36
- TI-2025-22460 Integer overflow in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority LOW 35
- Release ·
Apple tvOS 18.5
23 records Highest priority Priority MEDIUM 2 MEDIUM, 21 LOW
Other records, highest priority first
- TI-2025-22472 Memory corruption in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority MEDIUM 42
- TI-2025-22444 Memory corruption in Apple SafariPriority MEDIUM 41
- TI-2025-22462 Memory corruption in Apple SafariPriority LOW 38
- Release ·
Apple macOS 13.7.6, 14.7.6, 15.5
21 records Highest priority Priority LOW 21 LOW
Other records, highest priority first
- TI-2025-22463 Protection mechanism failure in Apple macOSPriority LOW 36
- TI-2025-22461 Improper privilege management in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority LOW 36
- TI-2025-22448 Improper input validation in Apple iOS and iPadOSPriority LOW 36
- Release ·
Apple watchOS 11.5
21 records Highest priority Priority MEDIUM 1 MEDIUM, 20 LOW
Other records, highest priority first
- TI-2025-22444 Memory corruption in Apple SafariPriority MEDIUM 41
- TI-2025-22462 Memory corruption in Apple SafariPriority LOW 38
- TI-2025-17972 Cross-site request forgery in Apple SafariPriority LOW 37
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-31239
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-qfr5-98gw-pmcj
- 2026-10-08 EPSS moved to the 50th–90th percentile
References
Advisory 8
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122404
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122405
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122716
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122717
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122718
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122720
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122721
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122722
More Apple Ipados vulnerabilities
- TI-2025-28008 Out-of-bounds write in Apple iOS and iPadOS KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
- TI-2025-22441 Apple iOS and iPadOS: An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to… KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2025-22440 Memory corruption in Apple iOS and iPadOS KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
- TI-2025-17951 Out-of-bounds write in Apple Safari KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
- TI-2025-17847 Use after free in Apple iOS and iPadOS KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
- TI-2022-06854 Out-of-bounds write in Apple iOS and iPadOS KEVCVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
Sources
- CVE-2025-31239 · CVE Program
- CVE-2025-31239 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-qfr5-98gw-pmcj · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences