TI-2025-34348 Aliases CVE-2025-54571

ModSecurity's Insufficient Return Value Handling can Lead to XSS and Source Code Disclosure

HIGH 70CWE-252Published 2025-08-05 · Updated 2025-11-03

Key facts

Attack vector: Network
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Attack complexity: Low
Attack requirements: None
Impact type: Cross-site scripting
Confidentiality · integrity · availability: Low · None · None
Fix status: Partial Red Hat: 4 without a fix

Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-79.

Summary

ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. In versions 2.9.11 and below, an attacker can override the HTTP response’s Content-Type, which could lead to several issues depending on the HTTP scenario. For example, we have demonstrated the potential for XSS and arbitrary script source code disclosure in the latest version of mod_security2. This issue is fixed in version 2.9.12.

Why it matters now

Exploitation Proof of concept CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV

EPSS 0.00349 28th percentileScored 2026-11-07

Public exploit Yes 2 exploit referencesTagged by NVD

Fix Partial ModSecurity (owasp-modsecurity): 2.9.12Red Hat: 4 without a fix

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation: Poc
Automatable: Yes
Technical impact: Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

Vendor	Product	Affected versions	Fixed in	Status	Source
owasp-modsecurity	ModSecurity	before 2.9.12	2.9.12	Patch available	CNA

ModSecurity Vendorowasp-modsecurity Affected before 2.9.12 Fixed in 2.9.12 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPE	Versions	Role	Vendor
cpe:2.3:a:owasp:modsecurity::::::::	2.0.0 to before 2.9.12	Vulnerable	owasp-modsecurity

cpe:2.3:a:owasp:modsecurity:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions 2.0.0 to before 2.9.12 Vulnerable ·owasp-modsecurity

Remediation

Fix · CNA ModSecurity (owasp-modsecurity) Fixed in 2.9.12

Vendor assessments

Red Hat

Red Hat rating: Moderate. Red Hat's page for this CVE →

Product	Status	Plan or fix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7	Affected	No fix yet: Fix deferred
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8	Affected	No fix yet: Fix deferred
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9	Affected	No fix yet: Fix deferred
Red Hat JBoss Core Services	Affected	No fix yet: Fix deferred

Timeline

2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2025-54571

References

Exploit 2

Patch 1

https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/commit/6d7e8eb18f2d7d368fb8e29516fcdeaeb8d349b8

TI-2026-37865 ModSecurity: Multipart form-data parser silently strips embedded line breaks from… CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
TI-2026-30581 ModSecurity: Unsigned integer underflow in @verifySSN / @verifyCPF / @verifySVNR operators CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.2
TI-2026-23748 libModSecurity3 denial of service via segfault when using t:hexDecode on single-character query strings CVSS 4.0HIGH 8.2
TI-2025-31022 ModSecurity has possible DoS vulnerability in sanitiseArg action CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
TI-2024-00942 WAF bypass of the ModSecurity v3 release line CVSS 3.1HIGH 8.6
TI-2023-19686 Trustwave ModSecurity 3.x before 3.0.10 has Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity. CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5

See all 14 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences