Incomplete mitigation of CVE-2026-4519, %action expansion for command injection to webbrowser.open()
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Local
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Active
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Attack requirements
- Present
- Impact type
- Code execution
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- High · High · None
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 47 fixed, 1 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-77.
Summary
Mitgation of CVE-2026-4519 was incomplete. If the URL contained "%action" the mitigation could be bypassed for certain browser types the "webbrowser.open()" API could have commands injected into the underlying shell. See CVE-2026-4519 for details.
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- No
- Technical impact
- Total
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Python Software Foundation | CPython | before 3.10.21; 3.11.0 to before 3.11.16; 3.12.0 to before 3.12.14; 3.13.0 to before 3.13.14; 3.14.0a1 to before 3.14.5rc1; 3.15.0a1 to before 3.15.0b1 | 3.10.21, 3.11.16, 3.12.14, 3.13.14, 3.14.5rc1, 3.15.0b1 | Patch available | CNA |
- CPython VendorPython Software Foundation Affected before 3.10.21; 3.11.0 to before 3.11.16; 3.12.0 to before 3.12.14; 3.13.0 to before 3.13.14; 3.14.0a1 to before 3.14.5rc1; 3.15.0a1 to before 3.15.0b1 Fixed in 3.10.21, 3.11.16, 3.12.14, 3.13.14, 3.14.5rc1, 3.15.0b1 Patch available CNA
CPE names Threatist (inferred) · 1
Inferred from how NVD named this product before; not given by a source.
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:python:python:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | — | — | python-pillow |
- cpe:2.3:a:python:python:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions — — ·python-pillow
Remediation
- Fix · CNA CPython (Python Software Foundation) Fixed in 3.10.21, 3.11.16, 3.12.14, 3.13.14, 3.14.5rc1, 3.15.0b1
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- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) python3.11-3.11.13-5.3.el9_7, python3.11-debug-3.11.13-5.3.el9_7, python3.11-idle-3.11.13-5.3.el9_7 +2
- RHSA-2026:10745 Released 2026-04-27 · Red Hat rating Importantpython3.12 security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) python3.12-3.12.12-4.el9_7.3, python3.12-devel-3.12.12-4.el9_7.3, python3.12-libs-3.12.12-4.el9_7.3 +1
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) python3.12-3.12.12-4.el9_7.3, python3.12-debug-3.12.12-4.el9_7.3, python3.12-idle-3.12.12-4.el9_7.3 +2
- RHSA-2026:10711 Released 2026-04-27 · Red Hat rating Importantpython3.12 security update
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) python-unversioned-command-3.12.12-3.el10_1.3, python3-devel-3.12.12-3.el10_1.3, python3-tkinter-3.12.12-3.el10_1.3
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) python3-3.12.12-3.el10_1.3, python3-libs-3.12.12-3.el10_1.3, python3.12-3.12.12-3.el10_1.3
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10) python3-debug-3.12.12-3.el10_1.3, python3-idle-3.12.12-3.el10_1.3, python3-test-3.12.12-3.el10_1.3
- RHSA-2026:10141 Released 2026-04-23 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3.1
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3 registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9
- RHSA-2026:10140 Released 2026-04-23 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3.1
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3 registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-aws-cuda-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-azure-cuda-rhel9, registry.redhat.io/rhelai3/bootc-azure-rocm-rhel9 +3
- RHSA-2026:10117 Released 2026-04-23 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat Hardened Images RPMs Security Update
- Red Hat Hardened Images python3.13-3.13.13-1.1.hum1@aarch64, python3.13-3.13.13-1.1.hum1@src, python3.13-3.13.13-1.1.hum1@x86_64 +16
- RHSA-2026:9228 Released 2026-04-21 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- Red Hat Hardened Images python-unversioned-command-3.14.4-2.hum1@noarch@public-hummingbird-aarch64-rpms, python-unversioned-command-3.14.4-2.hum1@noarch@public-hummingbird-x86_64-rpms, python3-3.14.4-2.hum1@aarch64 +28
- RHSA-2026:8824 Released 2026-04-17 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- Red Hat Hardened Images python3.12-3.12.13-3.hum1@aarch64, python3.12-3.12.13-3.hum1@src, python3.12-3.12.13-3.hum1@x86_64 +12
- RHSA-2026:8822 Released 2026-04-17 · Red Hat rating ImportantRed Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- Red Hat Hardened Images python3.11-3.11.15-4.hum1@aarch64, python3.11-3.11.15-4.hum1@src, python3.11-3.11.15-4.hum1@x86_64 +12
Fixed in the same release
Records fixed by the same vendor advisory or release, as the CNA lists them.
- Release ·
Python Software Foundation CPython 3.10.21, 3.11.16 and 4 more versions
2 records Highest priority Priority MEDIUM 1 MEDIUM, 1 LOW
Other records, highest priority first
- TI-2026-05344 Use-after-free in lzma.LZMADecompressor, bz2.BZ2Decompressor, and gzip.GzipFile after re-use under memory pressurePriority MEDIUM 42
Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Important. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Middleware Containers for OpenShift | Fixed | RHSA-2026:13812 |
| Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:25096 |
| Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:30078, RHSA-2026:30087, RHSA-2026:30088, RHSA-2026:30089 |
| Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:14653, RHSA-2026:17525, RHSA-2026:21682 |
| Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:14652, RHSA-2026:14656, RHSA-2026:19576 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10140, RHSA-2026:10141 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10711, RHSA-2026:19019, RHSA-2026:19064, RHSA-2026:28581 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10950, RHSA-2026:11062, RHSA-2026:11077 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10745, RHSA-2026:10774, RHSA-2026:10949, RHSA-2026:19175, RHSA-2026:19176, RHSA-2026:19177, RHSA-2026:19216, RHSA-2026:28247 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19590 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:17619 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:17619 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19549, RHSA-2026:26187 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19571 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:13692, RHSA-2026:19570 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:16699 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:14653, RHSA-2026:17525, RHSA-2026:21682 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:14652, RHSA-2026:14656, RHSA-2026:19576 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19590 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:17619 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19549, RHSA-2026:26187 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10711, RHSA-2026:19064 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:11077 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10949, RHSA-2026:19216 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19590 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:17619 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:17619 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19549 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19571 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19570 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:16699 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:21682 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19576 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19590 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:17619 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19549 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10950, RHSA-2026:11062 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10711, RHSA-2026:19019, RHSA-2026:19064, RHSA-2026:28581 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10745, RHSA-2026:10774, RHSA-2026:10949, RHSA-2026:19175, RHSA-2026:19176, RHSA-2026:19177, RHSA-2026:19216, RHSA-2026:28247 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:16699 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7 ELS) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19589, RHSA-2026:35838 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server -EXTENSION(v. 6 ELS-EXTENSION) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:22144 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Optional (v. 7 ELS) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:19589, RHSA-2026:35838 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Optional -EXTENSION (v. 6 ELS -EXTENSION) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:22144 |
| Red Hat Hardened Images | Fixed | RHSA-2026:10117, RHSA-2026:8822, RHSA-2026:8824, RHSA-2026:9228 |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:74674 |
| Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:11768, RHSA-2026:21275 |
Not affected: 2 products
- Middleware Containers for OpenShift
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-4786
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-cccx-m78h-m3xw
References
Patch 7
- https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/148170
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/c5767a72838a8dda9d6dc5d3558075b055c56bca
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/d22922c8a7958353689dc4763dd72da2dea03fff
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/f4654824ae0850ac87227fb270f9057477946769
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/28b4ad38067bbdad34edfcd03ad2de5f06387e53
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/d6d68494be70bdbda20f89f83801ba52ec37daa4
- https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a4d3edf3a6ecfde504d02126410d2a65a859b744
Advisory 1
More Python Software Foundation vulnerabilities
- TI-2024-07037 Quadratic complexity parsing cookies with backslashes CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2024-11791 Bypass extraction filter to modify file metadata outside extraction directory CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.3
- TI-2024-00411 Quoted zip-bomb protection for zipfile CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 6.2
- TI-2026-13296 `HTTPPasswordMgr` can send saved HTTPS credentials via HTTP because of incorrect scheme matching CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 6.0
- TI-2024-06422 Email header injection due to unquoted newlines CVSS 3.1MEDIUM 5.5
- TI-2026-04606 Possible to hijack modules in current working directory CVSS 4.0MEDIUM 5.6
Sources
- CVE-2026-4786 · CVE Program
- CVE-2026-4786 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-cccx-m78h-m3xw · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2026-4786 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences