Uncontrolled resource consumption in juliangruber brace-expansion
Key facts
- Attack vector
- Network
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Attack requirements
- None
- Impact type
- Denial of service
- Confidentiality · integrity · availability
- None · None · High
- Fix status
- Partial Red Hat: 46 fixed, 24 without a fix
Attack profile from CVSS 4.0 · CNA. Fix status from CNA, GitHub and Red Hat. Impact type from CWE-400.
Summary
brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding '{}' brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work.
Why it matters now
SSVC decision points
CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3
- Exploitation
- None
- Automatable
- Yes
- Technical impact
- Partial
The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| juliangruber | brace-expansion | up to 5.0.6 | — | No fix listed | CNA |
| — | brace-expansion (npm) | 3.0.0 to before 5.0.7 | 5.0.7 | Patch available | GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp |
| — | brace-expansion (npm) | before 1.1.16 | 1.1.16 | Patch available | GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp |
| — | brace-expansion (npm) | 2.0.0 to before 2.1.2 | 2.1.2 | Patch available | GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp |
- brace-expansion Vendorjuliangruber Affected up to 5.0.6 Fixed in — No fix listed CNA
- brace-expansion (npm) Vendor— Affected 3.0.0 to before 5.0.7 Fixed in 5.0.7 Patch available GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp
- brace-expansion (npm) Vendor— Affected before 1.1.16 Fixed in 1.1.16 Patch available GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp
- brace-expansion (npm) Vendor— Affected 2.0.0 to before 2.1.2 Fixed in 2.1.2 Patch available GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp
CPE names Threatist (inferred) · 1
Inferred from how NVD named this product before; not given by a source.
| CPE | Versions | Role | Vendor |
|---|---|---|---|
| cpe:2.3:a:juliangruber:brace-expansion:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* | — | — | juliangruber |
- cpe:2.3:a:juliangruber:brace-expansion:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Versions — — ·juliangruber
Remediation
- Fix · GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp brace-expansion (npm) Fixed in 5.0.7 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp brace-expansion (npm) Fixed in 1.1.16 Advisory →
- Fix · GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp brace-expansion (npm) Fixed in 2.1.2 Advisory →
Red Hat 66 advisories
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Vendor assessments
Red Hat
Red Hat rating: Important. Red Hat's page for this CVE →
| Product | Status | Plan or fix |
|---|---|---|
| Confidential Compute Attestation | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Exploit Intelligence | Affected | No fix yet |
| Node HealthCheck Operator | Affected | No fix yet |
| OpenShift Lightspeed | Affected | No fix yet |
| OpenShift Pipelines | Affected | No fix yet |
| OpenShift Service Mesh 2 | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat Directory Server 11 | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat Directory Server 12 | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat Directory Server 13 | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat Discovery 2 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat Fuse 7 | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat Hardened Images | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 5 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat OpenShift GitOps | Affected | No fix planned: Will not fix |
| Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 | Affected | No fix yet: Fix deferred |
| Red Hat Trusted Profile Analyzer | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 | Affected | No fix yet |
| Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:48151 |
| Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.13.6 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:66545 |
| Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.14.1 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:66488 |
| Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:48872 |
| Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes 4.11 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:48891 |
| Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes for IBM Power, little endian 4.10 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:48913 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.2 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:42815, RHSA-2026:51162 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50357 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50479 |
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50340 |
| Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:48126, RHSA-2026:49642 |
| Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:52768 |
| Red Hat Edge Manager 1.1 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:68044, RHSA-2026:68253 |
| Red Hat Edge Manager 1.2 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:68006, RHSA-2026:68254 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:48032, RHSA-2026:48033, RHSA-2026:48034 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:47059, RHSA-2026:47060 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:47057, RHSA-2026:47058 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:52394, RHSA-2026:53298 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:52399 |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux Extensions Channel (v. 10) | Fixed | RHSA-2026:57590 |
| Red Hat Hardened Images | Fixed | RHSA-2026:33866, RHSA-2026:34478, RHSA-2026:35272, RHSA-2026:45360, RHSA-2026:52990 |
| Red Hat Migration Toolkit 1.8 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:41928 |
| Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8.1 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50300 |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:65126 |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:73987 |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:60520, RHSA-2026:84734 |
| Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:60025 |
| Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:51014 |
| Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:51008 |
| Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.20 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:44264 |
| Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.21 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:44268 |
| Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.22 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:44239 |
| Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.29 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:48124 |
| Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.30 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:62260 |
| Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.18 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:56431 |
| Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.19 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:56366 |
| Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.20 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:57013 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.10 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:53520 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.12 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:52968 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.14 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:70267 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.15 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:48933 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.16 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:69255 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.17 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:54395 |
| Red Hat Quay 3.9 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:50931 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.18 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:51342, RHSA-2026:51348, RHSA-2026:51349, RHSA-2026:63371 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.19 | Fixed | RHSA-2026:51196, RHSA-2026:51197, RHSA-2026:51199, RHSA-2026:63357 |
Not affected: 57 products
- Cryostat 4
- Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9
- Gatekeeper 3
- Migration Toolkit for Applications 8
- OpenShift Service Mesh 3
- Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2
- Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2
- Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.9
- Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes 4.11
- Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes for IBM Power, little endian 4.10
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6
- Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7
- Red Hat Build of Keycloak
- Red Hat Data Grid 8
- Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10
- Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9
- Red Hat Edge Manager 1.1
- Red Hat Edge Manager 1.2
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
- Red Hat Hardened Images
- Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8
- Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack
- Red Hat Migration Toolkit 1.8
- Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8.1
- Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)
- Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25
- Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3
- Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.20
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.21
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.22
- Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 5
- Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.29
- Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.30
- Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4
- Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.18
- Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.19
- Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.20
- Red Hat Quay 3.10
- Red Hat Quay 3.12
- Red Hat Quay 3.14
- Red Hat Quay 3.15
- Red Hat Quay 3.16
- Red Hat Quay 3.17
- Red Hat Quay 3.9
- Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4
- streams for Apache Kafka 2
- streams for Apache Kafka 3
Timeline
- 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-13149
- 2026-10-03 Alias added: GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp
- 2026-10-07 Fix available: RHSA-2026:73987 · Red Hat
- 2026-10-09 Affected versions changed · Red Hat
- 2026-10-20 Fix available: RHSA-2026:84734 · Red Hat
- 2026-10-20 Affected versions changed · Red Hat
- 2026-10-23 Fix available: Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes for IBM Z and LinuxONE 4.11 · Red Hat
- 2026-10-30 Affected versions changed · Red Hat
- 2026-10-31 Fix available: Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes 4.11 · Red Hat
- 2026-11-05 Fix available: Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes for IBM Power, little endian 4.10 · Red Hat
References
Other 11
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c7e33ec13ac1a684c116720843ce24e208611754
- https://www.npmjs.com/package/brace-expansion
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/pull/122
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/pull/123
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/835d6be91201122d9adffb0c0c8c094189ace265
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/d74e63030c012e3b7ae81657b8d665619cd51b95
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/releases/tag/v1.1.16
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/releases/tag/v2.1.2
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/releases/tag/v5.0.7
More juliangruber vulnerabilities
- TI-2026-48532 brace-expansion: DoS via unbounded intermediate arrays, bypassing the CVE-2026-14257 mitigation CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2025-05315 juliangruber brace-expansion index.js expand redos CVSS 4.0LOW 2.3
- TI-2021-17956 Insecure random number generation CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1
- TI-2026-12072 brace-expansion DoS via unbounded expansion length causing an out-of-memory process crash CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2026-65313 brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion on nested brace groups causing stack exhaustion CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
- TI-2026-65311 brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion CVSS 3.1HIGH 7.5
Sources
- CVE-2026-13149 · CVE Program
- CVE-2026-13149 · NVD
- FIRST EPSS
- GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp · GitHub Advisory Database · CC BY 4.0
- CVE-2026-13149 · Red Hat security data · CC BY 4.0
This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences