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TI-2026-28403 Aliases CVE-2026-39421

MaxKB: Sandbox escape via ctypes and unhooked SYS_pkey_mprotect

Priority LOW 32CWE-693Published · Updated

Key facts

Attack vector
Network
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low
Impact type
Security bypass, Code execution
Confidentiality · integrity · availability
Low · Low · Low
Fix status
Fixed

Attack profile from CVSS 3.1 · NVD. Fix status from CNA. Impact type from CWE-693 and CWE-94.

Summary

MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Versions 2.7.1 and below contain a sandbox escape vulnerability in the ToolExecutor component. By leveraging Python's ctypes library to execute raw system calls, an authenticated attacker with workspace privileges can bypass the LD_PRELOAD-based sandbox.so module to achieve arbitrary code execution via direct kernel system calls, enabling full network exfiltration and container compromise. The library intercepts critical standard system functions such as execve, system, connect, and open. It also intercepts mprotect to prevent PROT_EXEC (executable memory) allocations within the sandboxed Python processes, but pkey_mprotect is not blocked. This issue has been fixed in version 2.8.0.

Why it matters now

Exploitation None reported CISA SSVC · not in CISA KEV
EPSS 0.00264 18th percentileScored 2026-11-07
Fix Fixed MaxKB (1Panel-dev): 2.8.0

SSVC decision points

CISA ADP · SSVC 2.0.3

Exploitation
None
Automatable
No
Technical impact
Partial

The decision (Track, Attend, Act) also depends on your mission and well-being impact; see CISA's SSVC guide.

Affected products

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed inStatusSource
1Panel-devMaxKBbefore 2.8.02.8.0Patch availableCNA
  • MaxKB Vendor1Panel-dev Affected before 2.8.0 Fixed in 2.8.0 Patch available CNA

CPE configurations NVD · 1

CPEVersionsRoleVendor
cpe:2.3:a:maxkb:maxkb:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*before 2.8.0VulnerableMaxkb
  • cpe:2.3:a:maxkb:maxkb:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:* Versions before 2.8.0 Vulnerable ·Maxkb

Remediation

  • Fix · CNA MaxKB (1Panel-dev) Fixed in 2.8.0

Timeline

  1. 2026-10-02 Threatist record created from CVE-2026-39421

References

Patch 1

Advisory 1

Other 1

  • TI-2023-08712 KubePi's Hardcoded Jwtsigkeys allows malicious actor to login with a forged JWT token CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2023-08729 KubeOperator is vulnerable to unauthorized access to system API CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2026-54047 MaxKB: Prompt-injectable agent can lead to command execution CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2025-43180 CordysCRM 1.4.1 is vulnerable to SQL Injection in the employee list query interface… CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
  • TI-2024-27040 Arbitrary File Read in Ansible Playbooks in Jumpserver CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 10.0
  • TI-2024-26801 a sqlinjection in 1Panel CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.8
See all 145 →

Sources

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. Sources and licences